Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/396

Rh 378 ARTYBIUS. is mentioned several times by Seneca, who has also preserved some fragments of his. (Senec. Suas. 1; Controv. i. 6, 7, ii. 9, lU iii. 16, iv. 25, v. 30. 33.) 10. A Syrian of royal descent, who lived in and after the reign of Antiochus the Great. He resembled the king so much, that when, in B. c. 187, Antiochus was killed, the queen Laodice put Artemon into a bed, pretending that he was the king, and dangerously ill. Numbers of persons were admitted to see him ; and all believed that they were listening to their king when he recom- mended to them Laodice and her children. (Plin. //. N. vii. 10; Val. Max. ix. 14. ext. 1.) [L. S.] A'RTEMON, a physician, who is said by Pliny (H. N. xxviii. 2) to have made use of cruel and superstitious remedies, and who must have lived some time in or before the first century after Christ. [W. A. G.] A'RTEMON. 1. A painter mentioned by Pliny (//■. N. xxxv. 11. s. 40), who enumerates some of his works. His countr}-- is not known. With regard to his age, we can only say, that he seems to have lived after the time of Alexander the Great, as one of his works was a statue of queen Stratonice, a name not unfrequent in tlie Asiatic kingdoms after that time. 2. A sculptor, in the first century after Christ, and, in conjunction with Pythodorus, adorned the pjilaces of the Caesars on the Palatine with statues. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. § 11.) [C. P. M.J ARTO'CES ('ApraJ/cTjs), king of the Iberians, against whom Pompey marched in b. c. 65. Pom- pey crossed the Cyrnus and defeated Artoces ; and when he also crossed the Pelorus, Artoces sent to him his sons as hostages, and concluded a peace with him. (Dion Cass, xxxvii. 1, 2; Appian, Mithr. 103, 117; Flor. iii. 5, who calls him Arthoces; PluL Pomp. 36.) ARTONIS. [Artabazus, No. 4.] M. ARTO'RIUS ('Aprcopjos), a physician at Rome, who was one of the followers of Asclepiades (Cael. Aurcl. De Alorb. Acut. iii. 14, p. 224), and afterwards became the friend and physician of Caesar Octavianus. He attended him in his cam- paign against Brutus and Cassius, B. c. 42, and it was by his advice, in consequence of a dream, that Octavianus was persuaded to leave his camp and assist in person at the battle of Philippi, notwith- standing a severe indisposition. This was probably the means of saving his life, as that part of the army was cut to pieces by Brutus. (Veil. Paterc. ii. 70 ; Plut. Brut. c. 41, where some editions have Antonius instead of ^ rton'ws ; Lactant. DiviTi. Instit. ii, 8; Dion Cass, xlvii. 41 ; Valer, Max. i. 7. § 1 ; Tertull. De Afiiimi, c. 46 ; Sueton. Aug. c. 91 ; Appian, De Bell. Civil, iv. 110 ; Florus, iv. 7.) He was drowned at sea shortly after the battle of Actium, B. c. 31. (S. Hieron. in Euseb. Chron.) St. Clement of Alexandria quotes {Pac- dag. ii. 2, p. 153) a work by a person of the same name, liepX MaKpoSiorias. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 86, ed. vet. ; Caroli Patini Comment, in A7itiq. Cenotaph. M. Artorii, in Poleni Tlies. Aniiq. Jiom. et Gr. Supplem. vol. ii. p. 1 133.) [W. A.G.] ARTY'BIUS {'ApTv§ios), a Persian general in the reign of Dareius Hystaspis, who, after the Ionian revolt had broken out, sailed with a fleet to Cyprus to conquer that island. He was killed in battle by Onesilus, the principal among the chiefs of Cyprus. (Herod, v. 108—1 10.) [L. S.] ARUSIANUS. ART YSTO'NE ('Apruo-TcovT?), a daughter of the great Cyrus, was married to Dareius Hystaspis, who loved her more than any other of his wives, and had a golden statue made of her. She had by Dai-eius a son, Arsames or Arsanes. (Herod, iii. 88, vii. 69.) [Arsames.] [L. S.] ARVl'NA, a cognomen of the Cornelia gens. 1. A. Cornelius P. f. A. n. Cossus Arvina, whom Livy sometimes calls A. Cornelius Cossus, and sometimes A. Cornelius Arvina, was magistor equitura b. c. 353, and a second time in 349. (Liv. vii. 19, 26.) He was consul in b. c. 343, the first year of the Samnite war, and was the first Roman general who invaded Samnium. While marching through the mountain passes of Samnium, his army was surprised in a valley by the enemy, and was only saved by the heroism of P. Decius, who seized with a body of troops a height which commanded the road. The consul then conquered the Samnites, and triumphed on his return to Rome, (vii, 28, 32, 34 — 38, x. 31 ; Niebuhr, liom. Hist. iii. p. 120, &c.) Arvina was consul again in B. c. 322 (^A. Cornelius iteruin, Liv. viii. 17), and dictator in 320, in the latter of which years he defeated the Samnites in a hard- fought battle, though some of the ancient authori- ties attributed this victory to the consuls of the year. (Liv. viii. 38, 39 ; Niebuhr, iii. p. 200, &c.) 2. A. Cornelius Arvina, the fetialis, sent to restore to the Samnites the prisoners wlio had been set free by them after the battle of Caudium, B. c. 321. (Liv. ix. 10.) 3. P. Cornelius A. f. P. n. Arvina, ap- parently a son of No. 1, consul b. c. 306, com- manded in Samnium. He was censor in li. c. 294, and consul a second time in 288. (Liv. ix. 42, &c., X, 47 ; Fasti.) ARULE'NUS RU'STICUS. [Rusticus.] ARUNS. 1. The son of Demeratus of Corinth, and the brother of Lucumo, afterwards L. Tarqui- nius Priscus, died in the life-time of his father. (Liv. i. 34 ; Dionys. iii. 46.) 2. The brother of L. Tarquinius Superbus, married to the younger Tullia, was murdered by his wife, who despised her husband's want of am- bition and was anxious to marry his brother. (Liv. i. 46.) 3. The son of Tarquinius Superbus, went with Brutus to consult the oracle at Delphi, and after the expulsion of the Tarquins killed, and was at the same time killed by, Brutus in battle. (Liv. i, 56, ii. 6 ; Cic. Tusc. iv. 22.) 4. The son of Porsena, accompanied his father to the Roman war, and was afterwards sent to be- siege Aricia, before which he fell in battle. (Liv. ii. 14 ; Dionys. v. 30, 36, vii. 5, 6.) 5. Of Clusium, according to the legend, invited the Gauls across the Alps. He had been guardian to a wealth}' Lucumo, who, when he grew up, seduced the wife of Aruns. The husband in re- venge carried wine, oil, and figs, across the Alps, and by these tempted the Gauls to invade Italy. (Liv. V. 33; Plut. Camill. 15.) ARU'NTIUS. [Arruntius.] ARUSIA'NUS, MESSUS or ME'SSIUS, a Roman grammarian, who lived under one of the later emperors. He wrote a Latin phrase-book, entitled " Quadriga, vel Exerapla Elocutionum ex Virgilio, Sallustio, Terentio, et Cicerone per literaa digesta." It is called Quadriga from its being composed from four authors. The work is valuable