Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/392

Rh 374 ARTEMIDORUS. together with the circumstance that Artemidorus has often occasion to allude to or explain ancient manners and usages, give to it a peculiar value. The work has also great interest, because it shews us in what manner the ancients symbolized and in- terpreted certain events of ordinary life, which, when well understood, throws light on various points of ancient mythology. The first edition of the Onei- rocritica is that of Aldus, Venice, 1518, 8vo. ; the next is that of Rigaltius( Paris, 1603, 4to.), which contains a valuable commentary ; however, it goes down only to the 68th chapter of the second book. The last edition is that of J. G. Reiif, Leipzig, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. It contains the notes of Rigaltius, and some by Reiske and the editor. 5. A Megaric philosopher, who, according to Diogenes Laertius (ix. 53), wrote a work against Chrysippus. 6. Of Ephksus, a Greek geographer, who lived about B. c. 100. He made voyages round the coasts of the Mediterranean, in the Red Sea, and apparently even in the southern ocean. He also visited Iberia and Gaul, and corrected the accounts of Eratosthenes respecting those countries. We know that in his description of Asia he stated tlie distances of places from one another, and that the countries beyond the river Tanais were unknown to him. The work in which he gave the results of his investigations, is called by iMarcianiis of Heracleia, a TreptVAous, and seems to be the same as the one more commonly called rcL ycuypcupov- ueva, or T<i ttjs yecoypa^ias fii§la. It consisted of eleven books, of which Marcianus afterwards made an abridgement. The original work, which was highly valued by the ancients, and is quoted in innumerable passages by Strabo, Stephanus of Byzantium, Pliny, Isidorus, and others, is lost ; but we possess many small fragments and some larger ones of Marcianus' abridgement, which con- tain the periplus of the Pontus Euxeinus, and ac- counts of BithjTiia and Paplilagonia, The loss of this important work is to be regretted, not only on account of the geographical information which it contained, but also because the author entered into the description of the manners and costumes of the nations he spoke of. The fragments of Arte- midorus were first collected and published by D. Hiischel in his Gcographica, Aug. Vindel. 1600, 4to. The best collection is that in Hudson's Geo- graphi Minores, vol. i. Two small fragments, not contained in Hudson, have been published by Van Goens in his edition of Porphyrius's Antrum Nym- pharum, p. 87, and a third, containing a descrip- tion of the Nile is printed in Aretin's Beitr'dge zur Cesch. mid Lit. vol. ii. p. 49, &c. (Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 185, with the notes of Wester- mann.) Athenaeus (iii. p. Ill) ascribes to this Artemidorus a work entitled 'loouiKd virofiirriixara. (Comp. Ukert, Geogr. der Griecli. u. Horn. i. 2, p. 141, &c., 250.) 7. A son-in-law of Musonius, the philosopher, was himself likewise a philosopher, and a friend of Pliny the younger, one of whose lettei-s (iii. 11) is full of his praise. 8. Of Parion, an astronomer, whose Aaews of his science are recorded by Seneca. {Quaest. Nat. i. 4, vii. 13.) 9. Of Tarsus, a grammarian, whom Strabo (xiv. p. 675) mentions as one of the distinguished persons of that place. It is not impossible that he may be the same as the one to wliose grammatical ARTEMIDORUS. or lexicographical works reference is made by the Scholiast on Aristophanes ( Vesp. 1 1 39, 1 1 64, 1 231 ; Comp. Phot. s. V. Tcvrd^ew ; Etym. 'M. s. w. dpis- /cuSrjs and dpix(f), though the work or works here referred to may also belong to No. 1. 10. Of Tralles, a celebrated pugilist, who lived about a, d. 6i). (Pans. vi. 14. § 1 ; Martial, vi. 77.) 11. The author of elegies on love. (Uepl tponos^ Eratosth. Catad. 31.) There ai'e many more per- sons of the name of Artemidorus who are mentioned in ancient writers ; but as nothing is known about them, we refer to the list in Fabricius {BiLL Graec. V. p. 263), to which some supplements are given by Van Goens. (/. c.) [L. S.] ARTEMIDO'RUS('ApT6iu/Sw^os). I. A Greek physician, quoted by Caelius Aurelianus {De Alorb. Acut. ii. 31, iii. 14, 15, pp. 146, 224, 227), who was a native of Side in Pamphylia, and a follower of Erasistratus. He must have lived some time between the third century b. c. and the second century after Christ. He may perhaps be the person quoted by Galen without any distinguishing epi- thet {De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, v. 3, vol. xii. p. 828), but he is probably not the same person as the Artemidorus oluviaTris who is mentioned by the same author. {Comment, in Hippocr. '"DeRat, Vict, in Morb. Ac.'* i. 15. vol. xv. p. 444.) 2. Artemidorus Capito ( 'ApreixiSapos 6 Kairirav), a Greek physician and grammarian at Rome, in the reign of the emperor Hadrian, A. D. 117 — 138, who published an edition of the works of Hippocrates, which Galen tells us {Corn- ment. in Hippocr. "X)e Nat. Horn. vol. xv. p. 21) was not only much valued by the emperor him- self, but was also much esteemed even in Galen'a time. He is, however, accused of making con- siderable changes in the text, and of altei'ing the old readings and modernizing the language. He was a relation of Dioscorides, who also edited the works of Hippocrates, and he is frequently men- tioned by Galen. {Comment, in Hippocr. " De Humor. vol. xvi. p. 2 ; Gloss. Hippocr. vol. xix. p. 83, &c.) He may perhaps be the person some- times quoted simply by the name of Capito. [Capito.] 3. Artemidorus Cornelius, a physician, who was bom at Perga in Pamphylia, or, according to some editions of Cicero, at Pergamus in Mysia. He was one of the unprincipled agents of Verres, whom he first assisted in his robbery of the temple of Diana at Perga, when he was legatus to Cn. Dolabella in Cilicia, B. c. 79 (Cic. 2 Verr. i. 20, iii. 21); and afterwards attended him in Sicily during his praetorship, B. c. 72 — 69, where, among other infamous acts, he was one of the judges {reciiperatores) in the case of Nympho. His ori- ginal name appears to have been Artemidorus ; he was probably at first a slave, and afterwards, on being freed by his master, (perhaps Cn. Cornelius Dolabella,) took tlie name of Cornelius. Cicero calls him in one place "Cornelius medicus" (2 Verr. iii. 1 1 ), in another " Artemidorus Pergaeus" (c. 21), and in a third " Artemidoms Cornelius" (c. 49) ; but it is plain that in each passage he refers to the same individual, though Ernesti has in his /«<fea? Historicus considered them as three different persons. [W. A. G.] ARTEMIDO'RUS, a painter, who lived at the close of the first century after Christ. (Martial, v. 40.) [C. P. M.J