Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/324

Rh 306 ARISTOGEITON. 1. A painter, the father and instructor of Nico- machus [Nicomachus], flourished probably in the early part of the fourth century B. c. (Plin. xxxv, 10. s. 36.) 2. A statuary, who lived after the time of Alex- ander the Great. Among other works of his Pliny (xxxiv. 8. s. 19) mentions a statue of king Seleucus. To what country he belonged is un- certain. 3. A painter, a native of Caria, contemporary with Philostratus the elder, with whom he was connected by the ties of hospitality. He wrote a work giving an account of distinguished painters, of the cities in which painting had flourished most, and of the kings who had encouraged the art. (Philostr. Prooem. Icon. p. 4, ed. Jacobs.) [C. P. M.] ARISTO'DICUS ('ApiffTc^SiKos). 1. Of Cyme in Asia Minor, and son of Heracleides, When his fellow-citizens were advised, by an oracle, to deliver up Pactyes to the Persians, Aristodicus dis- suaded them from it, saying, that the oracle might be a fabrication, as Pactyes had come to them as a suppliant. He was accordingly sent himself to consult the oracle ; but the answer of Apollo was the same as before ; and when Aristodicus, in order to avert the criminal act of surrendering a suppliant, endeavoured in a very ingenious way, to demonstrate to the god, that he was giving an unjust command, the god still persisted in it, and added, that it was intended to bring ruin upon Cyme. (Herod, i. 158, 159.) 2. The author of two epigrams in the Greek Anthology, in one of which he is called a Rho- dian, but nothing further is known about him. (Bruuck^ Analect. p. 260, comp. p. 191 ; Anthd, Cr. vii. 189, 473.) [L. S.] ARISTOGEITON. [Harmodius.] ARISTOGEITON {'hpitrro-yflruv), an Athe- nian orator and adversary of Demosthenes and Deinarchus. His father, Scydimus, died in prison, as he was a debtor of the state and unable to pay : his son, Aristogeiton, who inherited the debt, was likewise imprisoned for some time. He is called a demagogue and a sycophant, and his eloquence is described as of a coarse and vehement character. (Hermog. de Form. Orat. i. p. 296, and the Scho- liast passim ; Phot. Cod. p. 496 ; Plut. Phoc. 10 ; Quintil. xii. 10. § 22.) His impudence drew upon him the surname of " the dog." He was often ac- cused by Demosthenes and others, and defended himself in a number of orations which are lost. Among the extant speeches of Demosthenes there are two against Aristogeiton, and among those of Deinarchus there is one. Suidas and Eudocia (p. 65) mention seven orations of Aristogeiton (comp. Phot. Cod. pp.491, 495 ; Tzetz. CM.vi.94, &c., 105, &c. ; Harpocrat. s. w. AvTOKXelSrjs and &4pcrai'Spos), and an eighth against Phryne is men- tioned by Athenaeus. (xiii. p. 591.) Aristogeiton died in prison. (Plut. Apophth. Reg. p. 188, b. ; compare Taylor, Praef. ad Demosth. Orat. c. Aristog. in Schaefer's Apparat. Crit. iv. p. 297, &c. ; and Aeschin. c. Timarch. p. 22 ; S. Thorlacius, Opiu^eul. ii. pp. 201—240.) [L. S.] ARISTOGEITON ('ApicrToveiTwi/), a statuarjs a native of Thebes. In conjunction with Hypato- dorus, he was the maker of some statues of the heroes of Argive and Theban tradition, which the Argives had made to commemorate a victory gained by themselves and the Athenians over the Lace- daemonians at Oenoe in Argolis, and dedicated in ARISTOLOCHUS. the temple of Apollo at Delphi. (Pans. x. 10. § 3.) The names of these two artists occur together like- wise on the pedestal of a statue found at Delphi, which had been erected in honour of a citizen ot Orchomenus, who had been a victor probably in the Pythian games. (Bockh, Corp, Inscr. 25.) We learn from this inscription that they were both Thebans. Pliny says (xxxiv. 8. s. 19), that Hy- patodorus lived about 01. 102. The above-men- tioned inscription was doubtless earlier than 01. 104, when Orchomenos was destroyed by the Thebans. The battle mentioned by Pausanias was probably some skirmish in the war which followed the treaty between the Athenians and Argives, which was brought about by Alcibiades, b. c. 420. It appears therefore that Aristogeiton and Hypatodorus lived in the latter part of the fifth and the early part of the fourth centuries B. c. Bockh attempts to shew that Aristogeiton was the son of Hj'patodorus, but his arguments are not very convincing. [C. P. M.] ARISTO'GENES (^ kpiaroyh-ns), was one of the ten commanders appointed to supersede Alci- biades after the battle of Notium, B. c. 407. (Xen. HeU. i. 5. § 16 ; Diod. xiii. 74 ; Plut Ale. c. 36.) He v/as one of the eight who conquered Callicratidas at Arginusae, b. c. 406 ; and Protomachus and himself, by not returning to Athens after the bat- tle, escaped the fate of their six colleagues, though sentence of condemnation was passed against them in their absence. (Xen. Hdl. i. 7. §§ 1, 34 ; Diod. xiii. 101.) [E. E.] ARISTO'GENES ('Apjo-T07ev7js), the name of two Greek physicians mentioned by Suidas, of whom one was a native of Thasos, and wrote several medical works, of which some of the titles are preserved. The other was a native of Cnidos, and was servant to Chrysippus, the philosopher, according to Suidas ; or rather, as Galen says {de Ven. Sect. adv. Erasistr. Rom. Deg. c. 2, de Cur. Rat. per Ven. Sect. c. 2, vol xi. pp. 197, 252), he was a pupil of the physician of that name, and af- terwards became physician to Antigonus Gonatas, king of Macedonia, b. c. 283 — 239. A physician of this name is quoted by Celsus, and Pliny. Hardouin (in his Index of authors quoted by Pliny) thinks that the two physicians mentioned by Suidas were in fact one and the same person, and that he was called " Cnidius" from the place of his birth, and " Thasius " from his residence ; this, however, is quite uncertain. (Fabric. Biht. Gr, vol. xiii. p. 83, ed. vet. ; Klihn, Additam. ad Elen- clium Medicor. Veter. aJo. A. Fabricio.,^c. eahihitum^ Lips. 1826, 4to., fascic. iii. p. 10.) [W.A.G.] ARISTOLAUS, a painter, the son and scholar of Pausias. [Pausias.] He flourished therefore about 01. 118, B. c. 308. Pliny (xxxv. 11. s. 40) mentions several of his works, and characterises his stvle as in the highest degree severe. [C. P.M.] ARISTO'LOCHUS ( 'Apto-ro'Aoxos ), a tragic poet, who is not mentioned anywhere except in the collection of the Epistles formerly attributed to Phalaris {Epist. 18, ed. Lennep.), where the tyrant is made to speak of him with indignation for venturing to compete with him in writing tragedies. But with the genuineness of those epistles the existence of Aristolochus must fall to the ground, and Bentley {Plialaris, p. 260) has shewn, that if Aristolochus were a real personage, this tragic writer must have lived before tragedy was known. [L. S.]