Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/320

Rh 302 ARISTOCLES. Aristobulus; of these nothing further is recorded. (Joseph. Ant xviii. 5. § 4.) [E. E.] ARISTOBU'LUS, a painter, to whom Pliny (xxxv. 40. § 42) gives the epithet Syrus, which Sillig understands of one of the Cyclades. [P. S.] ARISTOCLEIA CApia-roKXeia), a priestess in Delphi, from whom Pythagoras said that he had received many of his precepts. (Porphyr § 41. p. 41, ed. Kiister.J She is called Themistocleia in Diogenes Laertius (iu. 21), and Theocleia in Suidas. (s. v. Uu6ay6,:as.) Pythagoras is sjiid to have written a letter to her. See Fabric. BiU. Oraec. i. p. 881. ARISTOCLEIDAS ('Apio-TOKAet'Sos), of Ac- gina, son of Aristophanes, won the victory in the Pancratium in the Nemean Games, but it is not known in what Olympiad. Dissen conjectures that it was gained before the battle of Salamis. The third Nemean Ode of Pindar is in his honour. ARISTOCLEIDES CApi(TTOKdSr,s a cele- brated player on the cithara, who traced his de- scent from Terpander, lived in the time of the Persian war. He was the master of Phrynis of Mytilene. (Schol. ad. Aristoph. Nub. 958 ; Sui- das, s, V. ^pvuLs.) [Phrynis.] ARISTOCLEITUS ('Apjo-ToVXetros), as he is called bv Plutarch (Lyscmd. c. 2), or Aristocritus {^ ApiCTOKpiTos) or Aristocrates (^ kpiaTOKpar-qs), as he is called by Pausanias (iii. G. § 4, 8. §§ 3, 5, vi. 3. § 6, «&c.), the father of Lysander, the Spar- tan lawgiver. ARrSTOCLES CApio-Tw/fX^s). 1. Of Rhodes, a Greek grammarian and rhetorician, who was a contemporary of Strabo. (xiv. p. 655.) He is probably the writer of whom Ammonius {de Dlff Voc. under iwiKij^ios) mentions a work vepl "jroi-qTiKris. There are several other works : viz. iTfpl SioKcKTov (EtymoL M. s. v. Kv/xa ; comp. Cramer's Anecdot. i. p. 231, iii. p. 298), AaKuvu>v iroAiTiia (Athen. iv. p. 140), and a work on the history of Italy, of which Plutarch {Parol. Minor. 25, 41) mentions the third book, — which are ascribed to Aristocles; but whether all or only some of them belong to Aristocles the Rhodian, is uncertain. (Compare Clem, Alex. Strom, vi. p. 267; Varr. deLing. Lat. x. 10, 75, ed. Miiller ; Dionys. Hal. Dinarch. 8.) 2. Of Pergamus, a sophist and rhetorician, who lived in the time of the emperors Trajan and Hadrian. He spent the early part of his life upon the study of the Peripatetic philosophy, and during this period he completely neglected his outward appearance. But afterwards he was seized by the desire of becoming a rhetorician, and went to Rome, where he enrolled himself among the pupils of Herodes Atticus. After his return to Pergamus^ he made a complete change in his mode of life, and appears to have enjoyed a great reputation as a teacher of rhetoric. His declamations are praised for their perspicuity and for the purity of the Attic Greek ; but they were wanting in passion and animation, and resembled philosophical discussions. Suidas ascribes to him a work on rhetoric (rex^^j PTjTopjK^), letters, declamations, &c. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. 3 ; Suidas, s. v. 'ApiaroKrjs ; Eudoc. p. 66.) 3. Of Messene, a Peripatetic philosopher, whose age is uncertain, some placing him three centuries before and others two centuries after Christ. But if the statement is correct, that he was the teacher of Alexander Aphrodisias (Cyrill. c. Jtd. ii. p. 61), he must have lived about the beginning of the third ARISTOCLES. century after Christ. According to Suidas (s. v.) and Eudocia (p. 71), he wrote several works: — 1. UoTcpov (XTTovdaioTepos O/iirjpos rj UKaTwu. 2. T6x»'ou p-nropiKai. 3. A work on the god Serapis. 4. A work on Ethics, in ten books : and 5. A work on Philosophy, likewise in ten books. The last of these works appears to have been a history of phi- losophy, in which he treated of the philosophers, their schools, and doctrines. Several fragments of it are preserved in Eusebius. {Fraep. Et-ang. xiv. 1 7-21, XV. 2, 1 4 ; Comp. Theodoret. Tlu:rup. Serin. 8, and Suidas, who also mentions some otlier works of his.) 4. A Stoic philosopher, who wrote a commentary in four books on a work of Chiysippus. (Suid. s.w. 'ApiCTTOKA^S.) 5. A musician, to whom Athenaeus (iv. p. 174) attributes a work Trept x"'/"*"'- 6. The author of an epigram in the Greek An- thology. {Append. Epigr. n. 7, ed. Tauchnitz.) 7. The author of a work called napa5o|a, which consisted of several books. Jacobs {ad Antliol. Gr. xiii. p. 862) is of opinion, that he is the same as the Messenian. Some fragments of his are pre- served in Stobaeus {Florileg. 64, 37) and the Scholiast on Pindar. {Olymp. vii. 66.) [L. S.] ARl'STOCLES ( "Apjo-ro^f A.^s ), a physician, whose medicines are several times quoted by An- dromachus. (Ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos, vi, 6, vol, xii, p. 936 ; Ujid. viii. 7, vol. xiii. d, p. 205 ; De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. vii. 7, vol. xiii. p. 977.) He is also mentioned in the first volume of Cramer's Anealota Graeca Pari- sicnsia, p. 395. Nothing is known of the events of his life, but he must have lived some time in or before the first century after Christ. [W. A. G.] ARl'STOCLES ('Apto-ro/cA^^s), sculptors. From different passages in Pausanias we learn the follow- ing particulars : — (1.) Aristocles of Cj'donia was one of the most ancient sculptors ; and though his age could not l)e clearly fixed, it was certain that he flourished be- fore Zancle was called Messene (Paus. v. 25. § 6), that is, before 494 B. c. (2.) The starting-pillar of the Hippodrome at Olympia was made by Cleoetas, the same sculptor by whom there was a statue at Athens bearing this inscription : TeG|e' fie KAeoiras vlos ' ApiaroKKiovs. (vi. 20. § 7.) (3.) There was an Aristocles, the pupil and son of Cleoetas. (v, 24. § 1.) (4.) Aristocles of Sicyon was the brother of Canachus, and not much inferior to him in reputa- tion. This Aristocles had a pupil, Synnoon, who was the father and teacher of Ptolichus of Aegina. (vi. 9. § 1.) We are also told, in an epigram by Antipater Sidonius {Greek A^ithol. ii, p, 15, no, 35, Jacobs), that Aristocles made one of three statues of the Muses, the other two of which were made by Ageladas and Canachus, [Ageladas.] (5.) Pant'as of Chios, the disciple and son of Sostratus, was the seventh disciple reckoned in order from Aristocles of Sicyon (Paus. vi. 3. § 4), that is, according to a mode of reckoning which was common with the Greeks, counting both the first and the last of the series. From these passages we infer, that there were two sculptors of this name : Aristocles the elder, who is called both a Cydonian and a Sicyonian,
 * Os Trjv iinrd<pe(riv 'OAv/urr/a (vparo irpuTOS