Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/281

Rh auciielaus. at onco. From tliis inomciit Archelaus is no more mentioiiod in history, but several writers state in- cidentally, that he was honoured by the Roman senate. '(Appian, de Bdl. Miihrid. 17 — 64 ; Plut. Sidl. 11—24; Liv. Epit. 81 and 82; Veil. Pat. ii. 25 ; Floras, iii. 5 ; Oros. vi. 2 ; Pans. i. 20. § 3, &c., Aurel. Vict, de Vir. Jlluslr. 75, 70 ; Dion Cass. Fraqm. n. 173, ed. Reimar.; Sallust. Fragm. Hist. lib. iv.) 2. A son of the preceding. (Strab. xvii. p. 796 ; Dion Cass, xxxix. 57.) In the year b. c. 63, Pompey raised him to the dignity of priest of the goddess (Enyo or Bellona) at Comana, which was, according to Strabo, in Pontus, and according to llirtius {de Bell. Alex. 66), in Cappadocia. The dignity of priest of the goddess at Comana conferred upon the person who held it the power of a king over the place and its immediate vicinity. (Appian, de Dell. Milhr. 114 ; Strab. I. c, xii. p. 558.) In IJ. c. 6^., when A. Gabinius, the proconsul of Syria, was making preparations for a Avar against the Parthians, Archelaus went to Syria and offered to take part in the war ; but this plan was soon aban- doned, as other prospects opened before him. Be- renice, the daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, who after the expulsion of her father had become queen of Egypt, wished to marry a prince of royal blood, and Archelaus, pretending to be a son of Mithri- dates Eupator, sued for her hand, and succeeded. (Strab. //. cc. ; Dion Cass. /. c.) According to Strabo, the Roman senate would not permit Archelaus to take part in the war against Parthia, and Arche- laus left Gabinius in secret ; whereas, according to Dion Cassius, Gabinius was induced by bribes to assist Archelaus in his suit for the hand of Bere- nice, while at the same time he received bribes from Ptolemy Auletes on the understanding that he would restore him to his throne. Archelaus enjoyed the honour of king of Egypt only for six months, for Gabinius kept his promise to Ptolemy, and in k. c. 55 he marched with an army into Egypt, and in the battle which ensued, Archelaus lost his crown and his life. His daughter too was put to death. (Strab. //. cc; Dion Cass, xxxix. 58; Liv. Epit. lib. 105 ; Cic. ;)ro BaUr. Post. 8; Val. Max. x. 1, extern. 6.) M. Antonius, who had been connected with the family of Archelaus by ties of hospitality and friendship, had his body searched for among the dead, and buried it in a manner worthy of a king. (Plut. Ant. 3.) 3. A son of the preceding, and his successor in the office of high priest of Comana. (Strab. xvii. p. 796, xii. p. 558.) In B.C. 51, in which year Cicero was proconsiil of Cilicia, Archelaus assisted with troops and money those who created disturb- ances in Cappadocia and threatened king Ariobar- zanes II.; but Cicero compelled Archelaus to quit Cappadocia. (Cic. ad Fam. xv. 4.) In b. c. 47, J. Caesar, after the conclusion of the Alexandrine war, deprived Archelaus of his office of high priest, and gave it to Lycomedcs. {A^^tm,deBel.l.Mitkr. 121; Ilirt. de Bell. Ale.v. 66.) 4. A son of the preceding. (Strab. xvii. p. 796.) In B. c. 34, Antony, after having expelled Ariara- thes, gave to Archelaus the kingdom of Cappadocia • — a favour which he owed to the channs of his mother, Glaphyra. (Dion Cass. xlix. 32 ; Strab. xii. p. 540.) Appian (de Bell. Civ. v. 7), who places this event in the year B. c. 41, calls the son of Glaphyra, to whom Antony gave Cappadocia, Sisinna ; which, if it is not a mistake, may have ARCHELAUS. 263 been a wimame of Archelaus. During the war between Antony and Octavianus, Archelaus wa8 among the allies of the former. (Plut. Ant. 61.) After his victory over Antony, Octavianus not only left Archelaus in the possession of his king- dom (Dion Cass. li. 3), but subsequently added to it a part of Cilicia and Lesser Armenia. (Dion Cass. liv. 9 ; Strab. xii. p. 534, &c.) On one oc- casion, during the reign of Augustus, accusations were brought before the emperor against Archelaus by his own subjects, and Tiberius defended the king. (DionCass. Ivii.l7; Suet. m. 8.) But after- wards Tiberius entertained great hatred of Arche- laus, the cause of which was jealous}', as Archelaus had paid greater attentions to Caius Caesar than to him. (Comp. Tacit. AnnaL ii. 42.) When there- fore Tiberius had ascended the throne, he enticed Archelaus to come to Rome, and then accused him in the senate of harbouring revolutionary schemes, hoping to get him condemned to death. But Ar- chelaus was then at such an advanced age, or at least pretended to be so, that it appeared unneces- sary to take away his life. He was, however, obliged to remain at Rome, where he died soon after, A. D. 17. Cappadocia Avas then made a Roman proviioce. (Dion Cass., Tacit. II. cc.; Suet. Tih. 37, Calig. 1; Strab. xii. p. 534.) [L. S.] The annexed coin of Archelaus contains on the reverse a club and the inscription BASIAEHS AP- XEAAf)T 4>IA(A?)OnATPIA05 TOT KTISTOT. He is called KTicrrris, according to Eckhel (iii. p. 201), on account of his having founded the city of Eleusa in an island of the same name, oflP the coast of Cilicia. (Comp. Joseph. Ant. xvi. 4. § 6.) ARCHELA'US ('Apx^^aos), a imiilosopher of the Ionian school, called Fhi/sicus from having been the first to teach at Athens the physical doc- trines of that philosophy. This statement, which, is that of Laertius (ii. 16), is contradicted by the assertion of Clemens Alexandrinus [Strom, i. p. 30), that Anaxagoras /xeTT^yayev and ttjj 'Iwi'ias 'A6r>- va^e rv,v 5iaTpL§i]v, but the two may be reconciled by supposing Avith Clinton {F. II. ii. p. 51), that Archelaus AA-as the first Athenian Avho did so. For the fact that ho Avas a natiA-e of Athens, is consi- dered by Hitter as nearly established on the autho- I'ity of Simplicius (in Pliys. Aristot. fol. 6, b.), as it was probably obtained by him from Theophrastus ; and Ave therefore reject the statement of other Avriters, that Archelaus Avas a Milesian. He Avas the son of Apo'lodorus, or as some say, of IMydon, Midon, (Suid.) or Myson, and is sjiid to have taught at Lampsacus before he established himself at Athens. He is conunonly reported to have numbered Socrates and Euripides among his pupils. If he Avas the instructor of the fonner, it is strange that he is never mentioned by Xenophon, Pkto, or Aristotle ; and the tradition which coiniects him Avith Euripides m.ay have arisen from a confusion with his namesake Archelaus, king of Macedonia, the Avell-known patron of that poet. I The doctrine of Archelaus is remarkable, as