Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/263

Rh rent. The Farnese bull bears no such inscription, but there are the marks of an effaced inscription on a trunk of a tree which forms a support for the figure of Zethus. (Plin. xxxvi. 4. § 10'; Winckelmann, Werke, vi. p, 52, vii. p. 205; Mliller, ^rcAao/, derKutist. § 157.)

2. An Athenian sculptor, the son of Nestor, was the maker of the celebrated torso of Hercules in the Belvedere, which is engraved in the ''Mus. Pio-Clement''. iii. pl. 10, and on which is inscribed AnOAAnNI02 NE2TOP02 A0HNAIO2 EnOIEI. From the formation of the letters of the inscription, the age of the sculptor may be fixed at about the birth of Christ The work itself is one of the most splendid remains of Grecian art. There is at a statue of Aesculapius by the same artist. (Winckelmann, Werke, i. p. 226, iii. p. 39, vi. pp. 64, 94, 101, vii. p. 215 ; Thiersch, Epoclien, p. 332.)

3. An Athenian sculptor, the son of Archias, made the bronze head of the young hero, which was found at Herculaneura and is engraved in the Mus. Hercul. i. tab. 45. It bears the inscription, AnOiAONI02 APXIOT A0HNAIO2 EnnH2E. It probably belongs to the period about the birth of Christ. (Winckelmann, Werke., ii. p. 158, iv. p. 284, V. p. 239, vii. p. 92.)

4. A sculptor, whose name is inscribed on the beautiful marble statue of a young satyr, in the possession of the Earl of Egremont, at Pet worth, Sussex. [P. S.]

APOLLO'NIUS ('AttoXAc^vios), physicians. For a list of the physicians of this name see Fabricius, Dihl. Gr. vol. xiii. p. 74, ed. vet.; Le Clerc, Hist, de la Med.; Haller, Biblioth. Medic. Pract. vol. i.; Harless, Analeda Historico-Crit. de Archigeyie Medico et de Apolloniis, ^"c, Bamberg. 1816, 4to.; Sprengel, Hist, de la Med.

1, 2. Apollonius Antiochenus {'Am-ioxfvs), the name of two physicians, father and son, who were born at Antioch, and belonged to the sect of the Empirici. They lived after Serapion of Alexandria and before Menodotus [Serapion; Meno DOTUs], and therefore probably in the first or second century b. c. (Gal. Introd. c. 4. vol. xiv. p. 683.) One of them is very likely the person sometimes called "Apollonius Empiricus;" the other may perhaps be Apollonius Senior.

3. Apollonius Archistrator {^hpxi<TTp6.rfap) is the author of a medical prescription quoted by Andromachus (ap. Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 12, vol, xiii. p. 835), and must therefore have lived in or before the first century after Christ. Nothing is known of the events of his life.

4. Apollonius Biblas (Bt§Aas), lived probably in the second century a. c, and wrote, after Zeno's death, a book in answer to a work which he had composed on the meaning of certain marks (xapa/cTTjpey) that are found at the end of some chapters in the third book of the Epidemics of Hippocrates. (Gal. Comm. II. in Hippocr. "Epid. III. § 5, vol. xvii, pt. i. p. 618.) It seems most likely that he is not the same person as Apollonius Empiricus. His name is supposed to be connected with the word $L§iaK6s, and seems to have been given him for being (as we say) a book-worm.

5. Apollonius Citiensis (KineOs), the oldest commentator on Hippocrates whose works are still extant. He was a native of Citium, in Cyprus (Strabo, xiv. 6, p. 243, ed. Tauchn.), and studied medicine at Alexandria under Zopynis (Apollon. Cit p. 2, ed. Dietz) ; he is supposed to have lived in the first century b. c. The only work of his that remains is a short Commcntary on Hippocrates, Tlfpl^ApSpcou, De Ariicnlis, in three books. It is dedicated to a king of the name of Ptolemy, who is conjectured to have been a younger brother of Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, who was made king of Cyprus, and who is mentioned several times by Cicero. (Pro Dom. c. 8, 20, Pro Flacc. c. 13, Pro Seat. c. 26.) Some portions of this work were published by Cocchi in his Discorso dell' Anatotnia, Firenze, 1745, 4to., p. 8, and also in his Graecorum Chirurgici Libri, Florent. 1754, fol. The whole work, however, appeared for the first time in the first volume of Dietz's Scholia in Hippocratem et Galenutm Regim. Pruss. 1 834, 8vo; and an improved edition with a Latin translation was published by Kuhn, Lips. 1837, 4to., which, however, was not quite finished at the time of his death. (See Kuhn, Additam. ad Elenchum Medicorum Veterum a Jo. A. Fabricio, &c. exhibitum, Lips. 1826, 4to., fascic. iii. p. 5; Dietz, Schol. in Hipp, et Gal. vol. i. praef. p. v.; Littr6, Oeuvres d' Hippocr. voL i. Introd. p. 92 ; Choulant, Handbuch der B'ucherkunde fur die Aeltere Medicin.)

6. Apollonius, Claudius, must have lived in or before the second century after Christ, as one of his antidotes is quoted by Galen. (De Antid. ii. 11, vol. xiv. p. 171.) Nothing is known of his life.

7. Apollonius Cyprius (Kvirpios) was the pupil of Olympicus and the tutor to Julianus. He was a native of Cyprus, belonged to the sect of the Methodici, and lived probably in the first century after Christ. Nothing more is known of his history. (Gal. De Meth. Med. l. 7, vol. x. pp. 53, 54.)

8. Apollonius Empiricus (^'£.ixirfipiK6s)^ is supposed to be one of the persons called "Apollonius Antiochenus." He lived, according to Celsus (De Med. i. praef. p. 5), after Serapion of Alexandria, and before Heracleides of Tarentum, and therefore probably in the second century B. c. He belonged to the sect of the Empiriciand wrote a book in answer to Zeno's work on the x^P'^'f^VP^s in Hippocrates, mentioned above. This was answered by Zeno, and it was this second work that drew from Apollonius Biblas his treatise on the subject after Zeno's death. (Gal. Comm. II. in Hipp. "Epid. III." § 5, vol. xvii. pt. i. p. 618.) He is mentioned also by Gralen, De Meth. Med. ii. 7, vol. x. p. 142.

9. Apollonius Glaucus must have lived in or before the second century after Christ, as his work "On Internal Diseases" is quoted by Caelius Aurelianus. (De Morb. Chron. iv. 8, p. 536.) Nothing is known of his life.

10. Apollonius Herophileius ('Hpo<^/A«jos) is supposed to be the same person as Apollonius Mus. He wrote a pharmaceutical work entitled YlfpX Eviropla-rwv^ De Facile Parabilibus (Gal. De Compos. Medicam. sec. IjOC. vi. 9, vol. xii. p. 995), which is very frequently quoted by Galen, and which is probably the work referred to by Oribasius {Eupor. ad Eunap. i. prooem. p. 574), and of which some fragments are quoted in Cramer's Anecd, Graeca Paris, vol. L p. 395, as still existing in MS. in the Royal Library at Paris. He lived before Andromachus, as that writer quotes him (ap. GaL De Compos. Medicam. sec. Loc. vol. xiii. pp. 76, 114, 137, 308, 326, 981), and also before Archi-