Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/255

Rh APOLLONIDES. the Silli of Tinion. (Diog. LaiTt. ix. 109.) He wrote several works, all of which are lost — 1. A commentary on Demosthenes' oration irepl trapaTrpfcr€flas. (Ammon. s. r. 6(peiv.) 2. On fic- titious stories (irepl KaTftfv<riJL4i'wv), of which the third and eighth books are mentioned. (Ammon. 8.V. Karoi/cTjo-ts ; Anonym, in Vita ArcUi.) 3. A work on proverbs. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Tlpiva.) 4. A work on Ion, the tragic poet. (Harpocrat s. r. 'Iwi'.) An ApoUonides, without any state- ment as to what was his native country, is men- tioned by Strabo (vii. p. 309, xi. pp. 523, 528), Pliny {H. N. vii. 2), and by the Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius (iv. 983, 1174; comp. ii. 964), as the author of a work called itipiirKos t'^s Eu/wTrrjs. Stobaeus (Florileg. Ixvii. 3, 6) quotes some senarii from one ApoUonides. 6. An Olynthian general who used his in- fluence at Olynthus against Philip of Macedonia. The king, with the assistance of his intriguing agents in that town, contrived to induce the people to send ApoUonides into exile. (Deraosth. Philip. iii. pp. 125, 128.) ApoUonides went to Athens, where he was honoured with the civic franchise ; but being found unworthj', he was afterwards de- prived of it. (Deniosth. c. Neaer. p. 1376.) 7. Sumaraed Orapius or Horapius, wrote a work on Egypt, entitled Semenuthi {l,€ixsvovQ'i)^ and seems also to have composed other works on the history and religion of the Egyptians. (Theo- phil. Alex. ii. 6 ; comp. Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 396, ed. Westermann.) 8. Of SiCYON. When in b.c. 186 the great congress was held at Megalopolis, and kingEumenes wished to form an alliance with the Achaeans, and offered them a large sum of money as a present with a view of securing their favour, ApoUonides of Sicyon strongly opposed the Achaeans' accepting the money, as something unworthy of them, and which would expose them to the influence of the king. He was supported by some other distin- guished Achaeans, and they magnanimously re- fused accepting the money. (Polyb. xxiii. 8.) At this congress Roman ambassadors also had been present, and after their return, Spartan and Achaean ambassadors went to Rome, B. c. 1 85. Among the latter was ApoUonides, who endeavoured to ex- plain to the Roman senate the real state of affairs at Sparta, against the Spartan ambassadors, and to vindicate the conduct of Philopoemen and the Achaeans against the charges of the Spartans. (Polyb. xxiii. 11, 12.) At the outbreak of the war between the Romans and Perseus of Mace- donia, ApoUonides advised his countrj-^men not to oppose the Romans openly, but at the same time he censured severely those who were for throwing themselves into their hands altogether. (Polyb. xxviii. 6.) 9. A Spartan who was appointed in b. c. 181 one of the treasurers to check the system of squan- dering the public money which had been carried on for some time by Chaeron, a low demagogue. As ApoUonides was the person whom Chaeron had most to fear, he had him assassinated by his emissaries. (Polyb. xxv. 8 ; Chaeron.) 10. A Stoic philosopher, with whom Cato the Younger conversed on the subject of suicide shortly before he committed this act at Utica. (Plut. Cat. Min. 65, ^Q, 69.) 11. A Svracusan, who, during the dissensions among his fellow-citizens, in the time of the second APOLLONIUS. 237 Punic war, as to whether they were to join the Carthaginians or the Romans, insisted upon the necessity of acting with decision either the one or the other way, as division on this point would lead to inevitable ruin. At the same time, he suggested that it would be advantageous to remain iialthful to the Romans, (Li v. xxiv. 28.) 12. A tragic poet, concerning whom nothing is known. Two verses of one of his dramas are preserved in Clemens of Alexandria {Puedagog. iii. 12) and Stobaeus. (Sermon. 76.) [L. S.] APOLLO'NIDESCAiroAA«i/t5T;s), 1. A Greek physician and surgeon, was bom at Cos, and, like many other of his countrymen, went to the court of Persia, under Artaxerxes Longimanus, b. c. 465 — 425. Here he cured Megabyzus, the king's brother-in-law, of a dangerous wound, but was afterwards engaged in a sinful and scandalous amour with his wife, Amytis, who was herself a most profligate woman. For this offence ApoUo- nides was given up by Artaxerxes into the hands of his mother, Amestris, who tortured him for about two months, and at last, upon the death of her daughter, ordered him to be buried alive. (Ctesias, De Reh. Pers. §§ 30, 42, pp. 40, 50, ed. Lion.) 2, Another Greek physician, who must have lived in the first or second century after Christ, as he is said by Galen (de Cans. Ptds. iii, 9, vol. ix. pp. 138, 139) to have differed from Archigenes respecting the state of the pulse during sleep. No other particulars are known of his history ; but he is sometimes confounded with Apollonius of Cy- prus, a mistake which has arisen from reading 'AttoWwvIBov instead of 'AiroWcoviov in the pas- sage of Galen where the latter physician is men- tioned. [Apollonius Cyprius.] He may perhaps be the same person who is mentioned by Artemi- dorus (Oneirocr. iv. 2), and Aetius (tetrab. ii. senu. iv. c. 48. p. 403), in which last passage the name is spelled Apdloniades. (Fabricius, BM. Gr, vol. xiii. p. 74, ed. vet.) [W. A.G.] APOLLO'NIUS ('ATToWdvios), historical. 1. The son of Charinus, appointed by Alexander the Great, before leaving Egypt, as governor of the part of Libya on the confines of Egypt, b. c. 331. (Arrian, Anab. iii. 5 ; Curtius, iv. 8.) 2. A friend of Demetrius, the son of Seleucus, who accompanied Demetrius when he went to Rome as a hostage, B. c. 175, and supported him with his advice. Apollonius had been educated together with Demetrius, and their two families had been long connected by friendship. The fa- ther of Apollonius, who bore the same name, had possessed great influence with Seleucus. (Polyb. xxxi. 19, 21.) 3. The spokesman of an embassy sent by An- tiochus IV. to Rome, in B. c. 173. He brought from his master tribute and rich presents, and re- quested that the senate would renew with Antio- chus the alliance which had existed between his father and the Romans. (Liv. Iii. 6.) 4. Of Clazomenae, was sent, together with ApoUonides, in B. c, 170, as ambassador to king Antiochus after he had made himself master of Egypt, (Polyb, xxviii. 16.) 5. One of the principal leaders during the revolt of the slaves in Sicily, which had been brought about by one Titus Minucius, in B. c. 103. The senate sent L. LucuUus with an army against him, and by bribes and the promise of impunity he iu-