Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/253

 mythology of the Greeks, as far as the gods themselves were concerned; the Bibliotheca, giving an account of the heroic ages, formed a kind of continuation to it. (Heyne, p. 1039, &c.; Muller, p. 428, &c.) 7. , was an historical and geographical explanation of the catalogue in the second book of the Iliad. It consisted of twelve books, and is frequently cited by Strabo and other ancient writers. (Heyne, p. 1099, &c.; Müller, p. 453, &c.) 8. , that is, a commentary on the Mimes of Sophron, of which the third book is quoted by Athenaeus (vii p. 281), and the fourth by the Schol. on Aristoph. (Vesp. 483; Heyne, p. 1138; Muller, p. 461, &c.) 9. or, was a chronicle in iambic verses, comprising the history of 1040 years, from the destruction of Troy (1184) down to his own time, 143. This work, which was again a sort of continuation of the Bibliotheca, thus completed the history from the origin of the gods and the world down to his own time. Of how many books it consisted is not quite certain. In Stephanus of Byzantium the fourth book is mentioned, but if Syncellus (Chronogr. p. 349, ed. Dindorf.) refers to this work, it must have consisted of at least eight books. The loss of this work is one of the severest that we have to lament in the historical literature of antiquity. (Heyne, p. 1072, &c.; Müller, p. 435, &c.) For further information respecting Apollodorus and his writings, see Fabricius, ''Bibl. Gr''. iv. pp. 287—299; C. and Th. Müller, pp. xxxviii.—xlv.

18. Of Lemnos, a writer on agriculture, who lived previous to the time of Aristotle {Polit i. 4, p. 21, ed. Gbttling.) He is mentioned by Varro De Re Rust i. 1), and by Pliny. {Ele? wL ad lill). viii. X. xiv xv. xvii and xviii.)

19. Sumamed Logisticus, appears to have been a mathematician, if as is usually supposed, he is the same as the one who is called dptfljurj Tt/cos. (Ding. Laert i. 25, viii. 12; Athen x. p. 418.) Whether he is the same as the Apollodotus of whom Plutarch {Non posse invi secund. Epic p. 1094) quotes two lines, is not quite certain.

20. A Macedonian, and secretary to king Philip V. He and another scribe of the name of Demosthenes accompanied the king to the colloquy at Nicaea, on the Maliac gulf, with I. Quinctius Flamininus, in B. c. 198. (Polyb xvii. 1, 8.)

. Of Nicaea. Nothing is known about him except that Stephanus Byzantius (s. r. Nt'/cota) mentions him among the distinguished persons of that town.

. Of Pergamus, a Greek rhetorician, was the author of a school of rhetoric called after him 'AttoAoSwpfio5 a'lpecris, which was subsequently opposed by the school established by Theodorus of Gadara. {®eoS(up€ios aipetris.) In his advanced age Apollodorus taught rhetoric at Apollonia, and here young Ocllivianus (Augustus) was one of his pupils and became his friend. (Strab xiii p. 625; Sueton. Aug. 89.) Strabo ascribes to him scientific works (jexvas) on rhetoric, but Quintilian (iii. 1. § 18, comp. § 1) on the authority of Apollodorus himself declares only one of the works ascribed to him as genuine, and this he calls Ars (Te'x»^) edita ad Matium^ in which the author treated on oratory only in so far as speaking in the courts of justice was concerned. Apollodorus himself wrote little, and his whole theory could be gathered only from the works of his disciples, C. 'algius and Atticus, APOLLODORUS.

(Comp. Quintil ii. II. § 2, 15. § 12, iv. 1. §50; Tacit. De dar. Oral. 1 9; Seneca, Coutrov. L 2, in 9; Sext Empir. Adv. Math ii. 79.) Lucian (Macrob. 23) states, that Apollodorus died at the age of eighty-two. (C. W. Piderit, de Apollodoro Pcrgameno et I/ieodoro Gadarensij R/ietorilills, Marburg, 4 to.). Of Phaleron in Attica, a very ardent and zealous friend and follower of Socrates (Xen. Apol. Socr. § 28, Mem. iii. 11. § 17), but unable with all his attachment to understand the real worth of his master. He was naturally inclined to dwell upon the dark side of things, and thus became discontented and morose, though he had not the courage to struggle manfully for what was good. This brought upon him the nickname of (jluvikos, or the eccentric man. (Plat. Si/mpos p. 173 D.) When Socrates wrto going to die, Apollodorus lost all controul over himself, and gave himself up to tears and loud lamentations. (Pat. Phaed p. 117, d.) Aelian (V. H. i. 16) relates a droll anecdote, according to which Apollodorus offered to Socrates before his death a suit of fine clothes, that he might die respectably. Apollodorus occurs in several of Plato's dialogues, but the passage which gives the most lively picture of the man is in the Symposium^ p. 173, «Slc. Compare I. A. Wolf, Praefat ad Sympos p. 41. Sumamed Pyragrus, one of the most influential citizens of the town of Agyrium in Sicily, who gave his evidence against the praetor Verres. (Cic. in Verr iii. 31, iv. 23.). Governor of Susiana, was appointed to this office by Antiochus III. after the rebellion of Molo and his brother Alexander had been put down, in B. c. 220. (Polyb v. 54; comp. Alexander, brother of Molo.). Of Tarsus, a tragic poet, of whom Suidas and Eudocia (p. 61) mention six tragedies; but nothing further is known about him. There is another Apollodorus of Tarsus, who was probably a grammarian, and wrote commentaries on the early dramatic writers of Greece. (Schol ad Eurip. Med. 148,169; Schol ad Aristoph. Ran. 323, Pint. 535.). Of Telmessus, is called by Artemidorus {07ieirocr i. 82) an dvrp eAAtJyj/tos, and seems to have written a work on dreams.

There are a few more persons of the name of Apollodonis, who are mentioned in ancient writers, but nothing is known about them beyond their name. A list of nearly all of them is given by Fabricius. (Bibl. Gr. iv. p. 299, &c.) [L. S.] APOLLODO'RUS, artists. 1. A painter, a native of Athens, flourished about 408, B. c. With him commences a new period in the history of the art. He gave a dramatic efiect to the essential forms of Polygnotus, without actually departing from them as models, bj' adding to them a representation of persons and objects as they really exist, not, however, individually, but in classes: " primus species exprimere instituit." (Pliii xxxv. 36. § 1.) This feature in the works of Apollodorus is thus explained by Fuseli {Lfct i.):—" The acuteness of his taste led him to discover that, as all men were connected by one general form, so they were separated, each by some predominant power, which fixed character and bound them to a class: that in proportion as this specific power partook of individual peculiarities, the farther it was removed from a share in that harmonious system which constitutes nature and consists in a due balance of all its parts*