Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/251

APOLLODORUS. be referred to the year 340, when Apollodorus was fifty-four years of age. Apollodorus was a very wealthy man, and performed twice the liturgy of the trierarchy. (Dem. c. Polycl. p. 1208, c. Nicostr. p. 1247.)

 2. Of, one of the generals of Alexander the Great, was entrusted in 331, together with Menes, with the administration of Babylon and of all the satrapies as far as Cilicia. Alexander also gave them 1000 talents to collect as many troops as they could. (Diod. xvii. 54 ; Curtius, v. 1; comp. Arrian, Anab. vii. 18; Appian, de Bell. Civ. ii. 152.)

 3. Of, whence he is distinguished from others of the name of Apollodorus by the ethnic adjective or. (Steph. Byz. s. v. .) The time in which he lived is unknown. He wrote a work on the Parthians which is referred to by Strabo (ii. p. 118, xi. pp. 509, 519, xv. p. 685), and by Athenaeus (xv. p. 682), who mentions the fourth book of his work. There are two passages in Strabo (xi. pp. 516 and 526), in which according to the common reading he speaks of an Apollodorus Adramyttenus; but as he is evidently speaking of the author of the Parthica, the word has justly been changed into. Whether this Apollodorus of Artemita is the same as the one to whom a history of Caria is ascribed, cannot be decided. Stephanus Byzantius (s. vv. and ) mentions the seventh and fourteenth books of this work.

 4. An, commanded the Persian auxiliaries which the Athenians had solicited from the king of Persia against Philip of Macedonia in 340. Apollodorus was engaged with these troops in protecting the town of Perinthus while Philip invaded its territory. (Paus. i. 29. § 7 ; comp. Diod. xvi. 75; Arrian, Anab. ii. 14.)

 5. A, who together with Epaenetus came as ambassador from Boeotia to Messenia, in 183, just at the time when the Messenians, terrified by Lycortas, the general of the Achaeans, were inclined to negotiate for peace. The influence of the Boeotian ambassadors decided the question, and the Messenians concluded peace with the Achaeans. (Polyb. xiv. 12.)

 6. Of. The ancients distinguish between two comic poets of the name of Apollodorus: the one is called a native of Gela in Sicily, and the other of Carystus in Euboea. Suidas speaks of an Athenian comic poet Apollodorus, and this circumstance has led some critics to imagine that there were three comic poets of the name of Apollodorus. But as the Athenian is not mentioned anywhere else, and as Suidas does not notice the Carystian, it is supposed that Suidas called the Carystian an Athenian either by mistake, or because he had the Athenian franchise. It should, however, be remembered that the plays of the Carystian were not performed at Athens, but at Alexandria. (Athen. xiv. p. 664.) Athenaeus calls him a contemporary of Machon; so that he probably lived between the years 300 and 260. Apollodorus of Carystus belonged to the school of the new Attic comedy, and was one of the most distinguished among its poets. (Athen. l.c.) This is not only stated by good authorities, but may also be inferred from the fact, that Terence took his Hecyra and Phormio from Apollodorus of Carystus. (A. Mai, Fragm. Plauti et Terentii, p. 38.) According to Suidas Apollodorus wrote 47 comedies, and five times gained the prize. We know the titles and possess fragments of several of his plays; but ten comedies are mentioned by the ancients under the name of Apollodorus alone, and without any suggestion as to whether they belong to Apollodorus of Carystus or to Apollodorus of Gela. (A. Meineke, Hist. Crit. Comicor. Graecor. p. 462, &c.)

 7. Tyrant of (formerly Potidaea) in the peninsula of Pallene. He at first pretended to be a friend of the people; but when he had gained their confidence, he formed a conspiracy for the purpose of making himself tyrant, and bound his accomplices by most barbarous ceremonies described in Diodorus. (xxii. Exc. p. 563.) When he had gained his object, about 279, he began his tyrannical reign, which in cruelty, rapaciousness, and debauchery, has seldom been equalled in any country. The ancients mention him along with the most detestable tyrants that ever lived. (Polyb. vii. 7; Seneca, De Ira, ii. 5, De Benef. vii. 19.) But notwithstanding the support which he derived from the Gauls, who were then penetrating southward, he was unable to maintain himself, and was conquered and put to death by Antigonus Gonatas. (Polyaen. vi. 7, iv. 6, 18 ; Aelian, V. H. xiv. 41; Hist. An. v. 15; Plut. De Sera Num. Vind. 10, 11; Paus. iv. 5. § 1; Heinsius, ad Ovid. ex Pont. ii. 9. 43.)

 8. Of, a Greek grammarian, who is said to have been the first person that was distinguished by the title of grammarian and critic. (Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 309.) According to Pliny (H. N. vii. 37) his fame was so great that he was honoured by the Amphictyonic council of the Greeks.

<section end="Apollodorus 8."/> <section begin="Apollodorus 9."/>9. Of, a Greek grammarian, who is often cited by other Greek grammarians, as by the Scholiast on Euripides (Orest. 1485), in the Etymologicum M. (s. v. ), and by Suidas (s. vv. , , , and ). From Athenaeus (xi. p. 487) it would seem that he wrote a work on drinking vessels, and if we may believe the authority of Natalis Comes (iii. 16—18, ix. 5), he also wrote a work on the gods, but this may possibly be a confusion of Apollodorus of Cyrene, with the celebrated grammarian of Athens. (Heyne, ad Apollod. pp. 1174, &c., 1167.)

<section end="Apollodorus 9."/> <section begin="Apollodorus 10."/>10. Of, lived previous to the time of Plato, who in his dialogue Ion (p. 541), mentions him as one of the foreigners whom the Athenians had frequently placed at the head of their armies. This statement is repeated by Aelian (V. H. xiv. 5), but in what campaigns Apollodorus served the Athenians is not known. Athenaeus (xi. p. 506), in censuring Plato for his malignity, mentions Apollodorus, and the other foreigners enumerated in the passage of the Ion, as instances of persons calumniated by the philosopher, although the passage does not contain a trace of anything derogatory to them.

<section end="Apollodorus 10."/> <section begin="Apollodorus 11."/>11. Of, an unknown Greek writer, who is mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (ix. 38), and is perhaps the same as the Apollodotus spoken of by Clemens of Alexandria. (Strom. ii. p. 417.)

<section end="Apollodorus 11."/> <section begin="Apollodorus 12."/>12. Surnamed, a Stoic philosopher, who is frequently mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius, who attributes to him two works, one called ', and the other '. (Diog. Laërt. vii. 39, 41, 54, 64, 84, 102, 121, 125, 129, 135, 140.) Theon of Alexandria wrote a commentary on the  (Suid. s. v. ), and Stobaeus (Eclog. Phys. i.<section end="Apollodorus 12."/>