Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/242

224 Aristotle's works, which had been given by that philosopher, on his death-bed, to Theophrastus, and by him to Neleus, who carried them to Scepsis, in Troas, where they remained, having been hidden and much injured in a cave, till they were pur- chased by Apellicon, who published a very feulty edition of them. Upon the arrival of the MSS. at Rome, they were examined by the grammarian Tyrannion, who furnished copies of them to An- dronicus of Rhodes, upon which the latter founded his edition of Aristotle. [Andronicus of Rhodes.] [P. S.] APE'MIUS {'A-Tn^fuos), a surname of Zeus, under which he had an altar on mount Pames iu Attica, on which sacrifices were offered to him. (Paus. i. 32. § 2.) [L. S.J APER, a Greek grammarian, who lived in Rome in the time of Tiberius. He belonged to the school of Aristarchus, aiid was the instructor of Heracleides Ponticus. He was a strenuous oppo- nent of the grammarian Didymus. (Suidas, s. v. 'HpaKKflSrjs.) [C.P.M.] M. APER, a Roman orator and a native of Oaul, rose by his eloquence to the rank of Quaes- tor, Tribune, and Praetor, successively. He is introduced as one of the speakers in the Dialogue de Oratoribus, attributed to Tacitus, defending the style of oratory prevalent in his day against those who advocated the ancient form. (See cc. 2, 7, &c.) APER, A'RRIUS, the praetorian praefect, and the son-in-law of the emperor Numerian, murdered the emperor, as it was said, on the retreat of the army from Persia to the Hellespont. He carefully concealed the death of Numerian, and issued all the orders in his name, till the soldiers learnt the truth by breaking into the imperial tent on the Hellespont. They then elected Diocletian as his successor, a. d. 284, who straightway put Aper to death with his own hand without any trial. Vo- piscus relates that Diocletian did this to fulfil a prophecy which had been delivered to him by a female Druid, " Imperator eris, cum Apiiim oc- cideris." (Vopisc. Numer. 12 — 14; Aurel. Vict. de Cues. 3R, 39, Epit. 38 ; Eutrop. ix. 12, 13.) APESA'NTIUS ('ATTco-aWtos), a surname of Zeus, under which he had a temple on mount Apesas near Nemea, where Perseus was said to have first offered sacrifices to him. (Paus. ii. 15. § 3 ; Steph. Byz. s.v. 'AWo-as.) [L. S.] APHACI'TIS ('A<^/ctTts), a surname of Aphro- dite, derived from the town of Aphace in Coele- Syria, where she had a celebrated temple with an oracle, which was destroyed by the command of the emperor Constantine. (Zosimus, i. 58.) [L. S.] APHAEA. [Britomartis.] APHA'REUS ('A(^a/j€i/y), a son of the Messe- nian king Perieres and Gorgophone, the daughter of Perseus. (Apollod. i. 9. § 5.) His wife is called by Apollodorus (iii. 10. § 3) Arene, and by others Polydora or Laocoossa. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rliod. L 152; Theocrit. xxii. 106.) Aphareus had three sons, Lynceus, Idas, and Peisus. He was believed to have founded the town of Arene in Messenia, which he called after his wife. He received Neleus and Lycus, the son of Pandion, who had fled from their countries into his dominions. To the former he assigned a tract of land in Messenia, and from the latter he and his family learned the orgies of the great gods. (Paus. iv. 2. § 3, &c.) Pausanias in this passage mentions only the two sons of Aphareus, Idas and Lynceus, who are celebrated in ancient story under the name of 'AapTjT^8oi or 'A<^ap7jTidSa<, for their fight with the Dioscui'i, which is described by Pindar. {Nem. x. Ill, &c.) Two other mvthical personages of this name occur in Horn. //. xni. 541 ; Ov. ilfet. xii. 341. [L. S.] APHA'REUS ('A^apeus), an Athenian orator and tragic poet, was a son of the rhetorician Hip- pias and Plathane. After the death of his father, his mother married the orator Isocrates, who adopted Aphareus as his son. He was trained iu the school of Isocrates, and is said to have written judicial and deliberative speeches (Ao7ot SikuvikoI Koi avfi€ov€VTiKoi). An oration of the former kind, of which we know only the name, was writ- ten and spoken by Aphareus on behalf of Isocrates against Megacleides. (Plut. Vit. X. Orat p. 839 ; Dionys. Isocr. 18, Dinarch. 13; Eudoc. p. 67 ; Suid. s. v.; Phot Cod. 260.) According to Plu- tarch, Aphareus wrote thirty-seven tragedies, but the authorship of two of them was a matter of dis- pute. He began his career as a ti-agic writer in B. c. 369, and continued it till B. c. 342. He gained four prizes in tragedy, two at the Dionysia and two at the Lenaea. His tragedies formed tetralogies, i. c. four were performed at a time and formed a didascalia ; but no fragments, not even a title of any of them, have come down to us. [L. S.] APHEIDAS ('Ai^fiSas), a son of Areas by Leaneii-a, or according to otiiers, by Meganeira, Chrysopeleia, or Erato. (Apollod. iii. 9. § 1.) When Apheidas and his two brothers had grown up, their father divided his kingdom among them. Apheidas obtained Tegea and the surrounding territory, which was therefore called by poets the KT)pos 'AcpeiSdvreios. Apheidas had a son, Aleus. (Paus. viii. 4. § 2 ; Aleus.) Two other mythical personages of this name occur in Hom. Od. xxiv. 305; Ov. Met. xii. 317. [L. S.] APHE'PSION ('A0e-4/icoj/), a son of Bathippus, who commenced operations against the law of Leptines respecting the abolition of exemptions from liturgies. Bathippus died soon after, and his son Aphepsion resumed the matter. He was joined by Ctesippus. Phormion, the orator, spoke for Aphepsion, and Demosthenes for Ctesippus. (Ar- gum. ad Dem. Leptin. p. 453 ; Dem. c. Lept. p. 501 ; Wolf, Proleg. in Demosth. Lept. p. 48, &c., pp. 52 —56.) [L. S.] APHNEIUS ('A^mos), the giver of food or plenty, a surname of Ares, under which he had a temple on mount Cnesius, near Tegea in Arcadia. Aerope, the daughter of Cepheus, became by Ares the mother of a son ( Aeropus), but she died at the moment she gave birth to the child, and Ares, wishing to save it, caused the child to derive food from the breast of its dead mother. This wonder gave rise to the suniame ^A^vnos. (Paus. viii. 44. § 6.) [L. S.] APHRODISIA'NUS, a Persian, wrote a de- scription of the east in Greek, a fragment of which is given by Du Cange. {Ad Zonar. p. 50.) An extract from this work is said to exist in the royal library at Vienna. He also wrote an historical work on the Virgin Mary. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. xi. p. 578.) [P. S.] APHRODI'SIUS, SCRIBO'NIUS, a Roman grammarian, originally a slave and disciple of Orbilius, was purchased by Scribonia, the first wife of Augustus, and by her manumitted. (Suet, de lUustr. Gram. 19.) APHTHO'NIUS {;A<pQ6vios of Antioch, a {