Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/235

Rh represents also the head of his brother, M. Antonius, the triumvir, with the inscription:



15. 16. . [, 2. 3.] 17., the daughter of M. Antonius, the triumvir, and Antonia. [, 4.] 18., called by the Greek writers Antyllus , which is probably only a corrupt form for Antonillus (young Antonius), was the elder of the two sons of the triumvir by his wife Fulvia. In 36, while he was still a child, he was betrothed to Julia, the daughter of Caesar Octavianus. After the battle of Actium, when Antony despaired of success at Alexandria, he conferred upon his son Marcus the toga virilis ( 30), that he might be able to take his place in case of his death. He sent him with proposals of peace to Caesar, which were rejected; and on his death, shortly after, young Marcus was executed by order of Caesar. (Dion Cass, xlviii. 54, li. 6, 8, 15; Suet. Aug. 17, 63 ; Plut. Ant. 71, 81, 87.) 19., the younger son of the triumvir by Fulvia, was brought up by his step-mother Octavia at Rome, and after his father's death ( 30) received great marks of favour from Augustus, through the influence of Octavia. (Plut. Ant. 87; Dion Cass. li. 15.) Augustus married him to Marcella, the daughter of Octavia by her first husband, C. Marcellus, conferred upon him the praetorship in 13, and the consulship in  10. (Vell. Pat. ii. 100; Dion Cass. liv. 26, 36; Suet. Claud. 2.) In consequence of his adulterous intercourse with Julia, the daughter of Augustus, he was condemned to death by the emperor in 2, but seems to have anticipated his execution by a voluntary death. He was also accused of aiming at the empire. (Dion Cass. lv. 10; Senec. de Brevit. Vit. 5 ; Tac. Ann. iv. 44, iii. 18; Plin. H. N. vii. 46; Vell. Pat. l. c.) Antonius was a poet, as we learn from one of Horace's odes (iv. 2), which is addressed to him. 20., the elder daughter of M. Antonius and Octavia. [, No. 5.] 21., the younger daughter of M. Antonius and Octavia. [, No. 6.] 22., son of M. Antonius and Cleopatra. [, p. 112, a.] 23., daughter of M. Antonius and Cleopatra. [.] 24., son of M. Antonius and Cleopatra. [] 25., son of No. 19 and Marcella, and grandson of the triumvir, was sent, after his father's death, into honourable exile at Massilia, where he died in  25. (Tac. Ann. iv. 44.)

ANTO'NIUS. 1. Of, a Greek poet, one of whose epigrams is still extant in the Greek Anthology, (ix. 102; comp. Jacobs, ad Anthol. vol. xiii. p. 852.) 2. Surnamed (the Bee), a Greek monk, who is placed by some writers in the eighth and by others in the twelfth century of our era. He must, however, at any rate have lived after the time of Theophylact, whom he mentions. He made a collection of so-called loci communes, or sentences on virtues and vices, which is still extant. It resembles the Sermones of Stobaeus, and consists of two books in 176 titles. The extracts are taken from the early Christian fathers. The work is printed at the end of the editions of Stobaeus published at Frankfort, 1581, and Geneva, 1609, fol. It is also contained in the ''Biblioth. Patr.'' vol. v. p. 878, &c., ed. Paris. (Fabr. Bibl. Gr. ix. p. 744, &c.; Cave, Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit. i. p. 666, ed. London.) 3. A Greek monk, and a disciple of Simeon Stylites, lived about a. d. 460. He wrote a life of his master Simeon, with whom he had lived on intimate terms. It was written in Greek, and L. AUatius {Diatr. de Script. Siin. p. 8) attests, that he saw a Greek MS. of it; but the only edition which has been published is a Latin translation in Roland's ^d. Sandor. i. p. 264. (Cave, Script. Eccles. Hist. Lit. ii. p. 145.) Vossius {De Hist. Lai. p. 231), who knew only the Latin translation, was doubtful whether he should consider Antonius as a Latin or a Greek historian. 4. ST., sometimes surnamed Abbas, because he is believed to have been the founder of the monastic life among the early Christians, was bom in a. d. 251, at Coma, near Heracleia, in Middle Egypt. His earliest years were spent in seclusion, and the Greek language, which then every pergon of education used to acquire, remained unknown to him. He merely spoke and wrote the Egyptian language. At the age of nineteen, after having lost both his parents, he distributed his large property among his neighbours and the poor, and determined to live in solitary seclusion in the neighbourhood of his birthplace. The struggle before he fully overcame the desires of the flesh is said to have been immense ; but at length he succeeded, and the simple diet which he adopted, combined with manual labour, strength- ened his health so much, that he lived to the age of 105 years. In a. d. 285 he withdrew to the mountains of eastern Egypt, where he took up his abode in a decayed castle or tower. Here he spent twenty years in solitude, and in constant stnlggles with the evil spirit. It was not till A. D. 305, that his friends prevailed upon him to return to the world. He now began his active and public career. A number of disciples gathered around him, and his preaching, together with the many miraculous cures he was said to perform on the sick, spread his fame all over Egj-pt. The number of persons anxious to learn from him and to follow his mode of life increased every year. Of such persons he made two settlements, one in the mountains of eastern Egypt, and another near the town of Arsinoe, and he himself usually spent his time in one of these monasteries, if we may call them so. From the accounts of St. Athanasius in his life of Antonius, it is clear that most of the essential points of a monastic life were observed in these establishments. During the persecution of the Christians in the reign of the emperor Maximian, A. D. 311, Antonius, anxious to gain the palm of a martyr, went to Alexandria, but all his efforts and his opposition to the commands of the government were of no avail, and he