Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/23

  had gained so much strength that it was deemed advisable to issue a formula, conciliatory from its indefiniteness, called the Henoticon, 482. Acacius was led into other concessions, which drew upon him, on the accusation of John Talaia, against whom he supported the claims of Peter Mongus to the See of Alexandria, the anathema of Pope Felix II. 484. Peter Mongus had gained Acacius's support by professing assent to the canons of Chalcedon, though at heart a Monophysite. Acacius refused to give up Peter Mongus, but retained his see till his death, 488. There remain two letters of his, one to Pope Simplicius, in Latin (see Conciliorum Nova Collectio à Mansi, vol. vii. p. 982), the other to Peter Fullo, Archbishop of Antioch, in the original Greek. (Ibid. p. 1121.)

5. Reader at ( 390), then the Bishop of Melitene ( 431). He wrote 431, against Nestorius. His zeal led him to use expressions, apparently savouring of the contrary heresy, which, for a time, prejudiced the emperor Theodosius II. against St. Cyril. He was present at the Oecumenical Council of Ephesus 431, and constantly maintained its authority. There remain of his productions a Homily (in Greek) delivered at the Council, (see Conciliorum Nova Collectio à Mansi, vol. v. p. 181,) and a letter written after it to St. Cyril, which we have in a Latin translation. (Ibid. pp. 860, 998.)

 ACACE'SIUS (🇬🇷), a surname of Hermes (Callim. Himn. in Dian. 143), for which Homer (Il. xvi. 185; Od. xxiv. 10) uses the form 🇬🇷 (🇬🇷). Some writers derive it from the Arcadian town of Acacesium, in which he was believed to have been brought up by king Acacus; others from 🇬🇷, and assign to it the meaning: the god who cannot be hurt, or who does not hurt. The same attribute is also given to Prometheus (Hes. Theog. 614), whence it may be inferred that its meaning is that of benefactor or deliverer from evil. (Compare Spanh. ad Callim. I. c; Spitzner, ad Il. xvi. 185.)

 ACACE'TES. [.]

 A'CACUS (🇬🇷), a son of Lycaon and king of Acacesium in Arcadia, of which he was believed to be the founder. (Paus. viii. 3. § 1; Steph. Byz. s. v. 🇬🇷.)

 ACADE'MUS (🇬🇷), an Attic hero, who, when Castor and Polydeuces invaded Attica to liberate their sister Helen, betrayed to them that she was kept concealed at Aphidnae. For this reason the Tyndarids always showed him much gratitude, and whenever the Lacedaemonians invaded Attica, they always spared the land belonging to Academus which lay on the Cephissus, six stadia from Athens. (Plut. Thes. 32 ; Diog. Laert. iii. 1. §9.) This piece of land was subsequently adorned with plane and olive plantations (Plut. Cim. 13), and was called Academia from its original owner.

 ACALLE. [.]

 A'CAMAS (🇬🇷). 1. A son of Theseus and Phaedra, and brother of Demophoon. (Diod. iv. 62.) Previous to the expedition of the Greeks against Troy, he and Diomedes were sent to demand the surrender of Helen (this message Homer ascribes to Menelaus and Odysseus, Il. xi. 139, &c.), but during his stay at Troy he won the affection of Laodice, daughter of Priam (Parthen. Nic. Erot. 16), and begot by her a son, Munitus, who was brought up by Aethra, the grandmother of Acamas. (Schol. ad Lycnphr. 499, &c.) Virgil (Aen. ii. 262) mentions him among the Greeks concealed in the wooden horse at the taking of Troy. On his return home he was detained in Thrace by his love for Phyllis; but after leaving Thrace and arriving in the island of Cyprus, he was killed by a fall from his horse upon his own sword. (Schol. ad Lycophr. l. c.) The promontory of Acamas in Cyprus, the town of Acamentium in Phrygia, and the Attic tribe Acamantis, derived their names from him. (Steph. Byz. s. v. 🇬🇷; Paus. i. 5. § 2.) He was painted in the Lesche at Delphi by Polygnotus, and there was also a statue of him at Delphi. (Paus. x. 26. § 1, x. 10. § 1.)

2. A son of Antenor and Theano, was one of the bravest Trojans. (Horn, Il. ii. 823, xii. 100.) He avenged the death of his brother, who had been killed by Ajax, by slaying Promachus the Boeotian. (II. xiv. 476.) He himself was slain by Meriones. (Il. xvi. 342.)

3. A son of Eussorus, was one of the leaders of the Thracians in the Trojan war (Hom. Il. ii. 844, v. 462), and was slain by the Telamonian Ajax. (Il. vi. 8.)  ACANTHUS (🇬🇷), the Lacedaemonian, was victor in the δίαυλος and the δόλιχος in the Olympic games in 0l. 15, ( 720,) and according to some accounts was the first who ran naked in these games. (Paus. v. 8. § 3; Dionys. vii. 72; African, apud Euseb. p. 143.) Other accounts ascribe this to Orsippus the Megarian. [.] Thucydides says that the Lacedaemonians were the first who contended naked in gymnastic games, (i. 6.) <section end="Acanthus" /> <section begin="Acarnan" />ACARNAN (🇬🇷), one of the Epigones, was a son of Alcmaeon and Calirrhoe, and brother of Amphoterus. Their father was murdered by Phegeus, when they were yet very young, and Calirrhoe prayed to Zeus to make her sons grow quickly, that they might be able to avenge the death of their father. The prayer was granted, and Acaman with his brother slew Phegeus, his wife, and his two sons. The inhabitants of Psophis, where the sons had been slain, pursued the murderers as far as Tegea, where however they were received and rescued. At the request of Achelous they carried the necklace and peplus of Harmonia to Delphi, and from thence they went to Epirus, where Acarnan founded the state called after him Acamania. (Apollod. iii. 7. §5—7 ; Ov. Met. ix. 413, &c.; Thucyd. ii. 102; Strab. x. p. 462.) <section end="Acarnan" /> <section begin="Acastus" />ACASTUS (🇬🇷), a son of Pelias, king of Iolcus, and of Anaxibia, or as others call her, Philomache. He was one of the Argonauts (Apollod. i. 9. §10; Apollon.Rhod.i. 224, &c.), and also took part in the Calydonian hunt. (Ov. Met. viii. 305, &c.) After the return of the Argonauts his sisters were seduced by Medeia to cut their father in pieces and boil them; and Acastus, when he heard this, buried his father, drove lason and Medeia, and according to Pausanias (vii. 11) his sisters also, from Iolcus, and instituted funeral games in honour of his father. (Hygin. Fab. 24 and 273; Apollod. i. 9. §27, &c.; Paus. iii. 18. § 9, vi. 20. § 9, v. 17. §4 ; Ov. Met. xi. 409, &c.) During these games it happened that Astydamia, the wife of Acastus, who is also called Hippolyte, fell in love with Peleus, whom Acastus had purified from the <section end="Acastus" />