Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/221

Rh ANTI PATER. nu8 in Jenisalem [IIkkoder], and again in B.c. 43 (the year after C'jicsiir's murder), by his regulations for the collection of the tax imposed on Judaea by Cassius for the support of his troops. {Ant. xiv. 9. § 5, 11. § 2, Bell. Jiul. i. 10. § 9, 11. § 2.) To the last-mentioned year his death is to be refeiTed. He was carried off by poison which Malichus, whose life he had twice saved [Malichus], bribed the cup-bearer of Ilyrcanus to administer to him. {Ant. xiv. 11. §§ 2-4, Bell. Jud. i. 11. §§ 2-4.) For his family, see Joseph. Ant. xiv. 7. § 3. [E. E.] ANTITATEll {; hprhaTpos), the eldest son of Herod the Great by his first wife, Doris (Jos. Ant. xiv. 12. § 1), a monster of wickedness and craft, whose life is briefly described by Josephus {Bell. Jud. i. 24. § 1) in two words — KUKias /jlvct- Tifipiov. Herod, having divorced Doris and married Alariamne, B. c. 38, banished Antipater from court ( Bell. Jud. i. 22. § 1 ), but recalled him afterwards, in the hope of checking, by the presence of a rival, the violence and resentment of Mariamne's sons, Alexander and Aristobulus, who were exasperated by their mother's death. Antipater now intrigued to bring his half-brothers under the suspicion of his father^ and with such success, that Herod altered his intentions in their behalf, recalled Doris to court, and sent Antipater to Rome, recommend- ing him to the favour of Augustus. (Jos. Ant. xvi. 3, Bdl. Jud. i. 23, § 2.) He still continued his machinations against his brothers, and, though Herod was tvvice reconciled to them, yet his arts, aided by Salome and Pheroras, and especially by the Spartan Eurycles (comp. Plut. ylw/. p. 947, b.), succeeded at length in bringing about their death, B. c. 6. (Jos. Ant. xvi. 4-11, Bell. Jud. i. 23-27-) Having thus removed his rivals, and been declared successor to the throne, he entered into a plot against his father's life with his uncle Pheroras ; and, to avoid suspicion, contrived to get himself sent to Rome, taking with him, for the approba- tion of Augustus, Herod's altered will. But the investigation occasioned by the death of Pheroras (whom his wife was suspected of poisoning) brought to light Antipater's murderous designs, chiefly through the disclosures of the wife of Pheroras, of Antipater's own freedman, and of his steward, Antijjater the Samaritan. He was accordingly- recalled from Rome, and kept in ignorance of the charges against him till his arrival at Jerusalem. Here he was arraigned by Nicolaus of Damascus before Quintilius Varus, the Roman governor of Syria, and the sentence agJiinst him having been confinned by Augustus (who recommended, how- ever, a mitigation of it in the shape of banishment), he was executed in prison, five days before the termination of Herod's mortal illness, and in the same year as the massacre of the innocents. (Jos. Ant. xvii. 1-7, Bell. Jud. i. 28-33; Euseb. i7is/. Keel. i. 8. § 12.) The death of Antipater probably called forth the well-known sarcasm of Augustus : " Melius est Herodis porcum esse quam filium." (Macrob. Saturn, ii. 4.) [E. E.] ANTl'PATER ('Aj/TfTrarpos), of Hikrapolis, a Greek sophist and rhetorician of the time of the emperor Severus, He was a son of Zeuxidemus, and a pupil of Adrianus, Pollux, and Zeno. In his orations both extempore and written, some of which are mentioned by Philostratus, Antipater was not superior to his contemporaries, but in the art of writing letters he is said to have excelled all others, and for this reason the emperor Severus ANTIPATER. 2(»» made hira his private secretary. The empen)r had such a high opinion of him, that he raised hira to the consular dignity, and afterwards made him pmcfect of Bithynia. But as Antipjiter used his sword too freely, he was deprived of his office, and retired to his native place, where he died at the age of 68, it is said of voluntary starvation. Phi- lostratus says, that he wrote a history of the life and exploits of the emperor Severus, but not a fragment of it is extant. (Philostr. Vit. Sojth. ii. 24, 25. § 4, 26. § 3 ; Galen, De T/teriuc. ad Bison. ii. p. 458 ; Eudoc. p. 57.) [L. S.] ANTl'PATER, the name of at least two phv- siciANS. 1. The author of a work riepl ^vxns^ " On the Soul," of which the second book is quoted by the Scholiast on Homer (//. A. 115. p. 306", ed. Bekker; Cramer, Anecd. Graeca Paris. vol. iii. p. 14), in which he said that the soul in- creased, diminished, and at last perished with the body ; and which may very possibly be the work quoted by Diogenes Laertius (vii. 157), and com- monly attributed to Antipater of Tarsus. If he be the physician who is said by Galen {De Meih. Med. i. 7, vol. X. p. 52 ; Intrud. c. 4. vol. xiv. p. 684) to have belonged to the sect of the Methodici, he must have lived in or after the first century B. c; and this date will agree very well with the fact of his being quoted by Androraachus (ap. GaL De Compos. Aledkam. sec. Locos, iii. 1, ix. 2, vol. xiL p.630, vol.xiii. p.239), Scribonius Largus(Z)eCo/rt- pos. Med. c. 167, p. 221), and Caelius Aurelianus. {De Morb. Chron. ii. 1 3, p. 404.) His prescriptions are frequently quoted with approbation by Galen and Aetius, and the second book of his " Epistles" is mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus. {I. c.) 2. A contemporary of Galeu at Rome in the second centuiy after Christ, of whose death and the morbid symptoms that preceded it, a very in- teresting account is given by that physician. {De Locis AJfect. iv. 11, vol. viii. p. 293.) [W. A. G.] ANTl'PATER ('Aj/TtTroTpos), of Sidon, the author of several epigrams in the Greek Anthology, appears, from a passage of Cicero {de Oral. iii. 50), to have been contemporarj' with Q. Catullus (con- sul B. c. 102), and with Crassus (quaestor in Mace- donia B. c. 106). The many minute references made to him by Meleager, who also wrote his epi- taph, would seem to shew that Antipater was an elder contemporary of this poet, who is known to have flourished in the 170th Olympiad. From these circumstances he may be placed at B. c. 1 08- 100. He lived to a great age. (Plin. vii. 52 ; Cic. de Fat. 3; Val. Max. i. 8. § 16, ext.; Jacobs, Anthol. xiii. p. 847.) [P. S.] ANTl'PATER ('AiArfTroTpos), of Tarsus, a Stoic philosopher, was the disciple and successor of Dio- genes and the tcicher of Panaetius, b.c. 144 nearly. (Cic. de Divin. i. 3, de Off. iii. 12.) Plutarch speaks of him with Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus as one of the principal Stoic philosophers {de Stoic Bcpjupiant. p. 144), and Cicero mentions him as remarkable for acuteness. {De Off', iii. 12.) Of his personal history nothing is known, nor would the few extant notices of his philosophical opinions be a sufticient ground for any great reputation, if it were not for the testimony of ancient authors to his merit. He seems to have taken the lead during his lifetime in the disputes constantly recurring between his own school and the Academy, although he is said to have felt himself so unequal in argu- ment to his contemporary Carneades, in public di»*