Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/220

Rh 202 ANTIPATER. taiu the removal of the garrison from ^Munychia, and was put to death for his treacherous corres- pondence with Perdiccas. Antipater left the re- gency to Polysperchon, to the exclusion of his own son Cassander. (Plut. Plioc. p. 7-55, Dem. ad fin.; Arr. ap. Phot. p. 70, a.; Diod. xviii. 48.) [E. E.] ANTIPATER { AvriiraTpos), second son of Cassander, king of Macedonia, by Thessalonica, sister of Alexander the Great. Soon after the death of Cassander (b. c. 29G), his eldest son Phi- lip also died of consumption (Pans. ix. 7; Plut. Demetr. 905, f.), and great dissensions ensued be- tween Antipater and his younger brother Alexan- der for the government. Antipater, believing that Alexander was favoured by his mother, put her to death. The younger brother upon this applied for aid at once to Pyrrhus of Epeirus and Demetrius Poliorcetes. Pyrrhus arrived first, and, exacting from Alexander a considerable portion of Macedonia as his reward, obliged Antipater to fly before him. According to Plutarch, Lysiniochus, king of Thrace, Antipater's father-in-law, attempted to dissuade Pyrrhus from further hostilities by a forged letter purporting to come from Ptolemy Soter. The forgery was detected, but Pyrrhus seems notwith- standing to have withdrawn after settling matters between the brothei-s ; soon after which Demetrius arrived. Justin, who says nothing of Pyrrhus, tells us, that Lysimaehus, feaiing the interference of Demetrius, advised a reconciliation between Antipater and Alexander. On the murder of Alexander by Demetrius, the latter appears, ac- cording to Plutarch, to have been made king of all Macedonia, to the exclusion at once of Antipater. According to Justin, Lysimaehus conciliated Deme- trius by putting him in possession of Antipater's portion of the kingdom, and murdered Antipater, who appears to have fled to him for refuge. The murder seems, from Diodorus, to have been owing to the instigjition of Demetrius. (Plut. Pyrr. p. 386, Demetr. pp. 905, 906 ; Just. xvi. 1,2; Diod. Sic. xxi. Exc 7.) [E. E.] ANTI'PATEH, L. COELTUS, a Roman jurist and historian. Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit, 2. s. 2. § 40) considers him more an orator than a jurist ; Cicero, on the other hand, prizes him more as a jurist than as an onitor or historian. (De Or. ii. 12; de Legg. 1,2; Brut. c. 26.) He was a contemporary of C. Gracchus (b. c. 12:3); L. Crassus, the orator, was his pupil. He was the first who endeavoured to impart to Roman his- tory the ornaments of style, and to make it more than a mere chronicle of events, but his dic- tion was rather vehement and high-sounding than elegant and polished. He is not to be confounded with Coelius Sabinus, the Coelius of the Digest. None of his juridical writings have been preserved. He wrote a history of the second Punic war, and composed Amiales^ which were epitomized by Brutus. (Cic. ad Att. xiii. 8.) The history of the second Punic war was perhaps only a part of the Aunales. Antipater followed the Greek history of Silenus Calatinus (Cic, de Div. i. 24, 49), and oc- casionally borrowed from the Origines of Cato Censorius. (Gell, x. 24; Macrob. Saturn, i. 4, extr.) The emperor Hadrian is reported to have preferred him as an historian to Sallust (Spartianus, Hadrian, c. 16) ; by Valerius Maximus (i. 7) he is designated certus Romanae historiae auctor ; and he is occasionally quoted by Livy, who sometimes, with respectful consideration, dissents from his ANTIPATER. authoritj'. It is manifest, however, from Cicero and Val. Maximus, that he was fond of relating dreams and portents. Orelli {Onomast. Cic.) refers to the disserUitions on Antipater by Eavius Ant. Nauta and G. Groen van Prinsterer, inserted in the Annals of the Academy of Leyden for 1821. His fragments, several of which are preserved in Nonius, are to be found appended to the editions of Sallust by Wasse, Corte, and Havercamp ; and also in Krause's Vitae et Fraymenta vet. Hlsior, Rom. p, 182, &c. [J. T. G.] ANTI'PATER ('AfTlTrarpos), of Cvrknk, one of the disciples of Aristippus, the founder of the C3'renaic school of philosophy. (Diog. Laert. ii. 86.) According to Cicero {Tusml. v. 38) he was blind, but knew how to console himself by saying, that darkness was not without its pleasures. [L. S^J ANTI'PATER {'hvr'nraTpos), tyrant or prince of Derbe. Amyntas, the Lycaonian chieftain, murdered him and seized his principality. [Amyn- tas, No. 6.] He was a friend of Cicero's, one of whose letters, of uncertain date, is addressed on his behalf to Q. Philippus, proconsul of the province of Asia, who was oflended with Anti- pater and held his sons in his power. (Strab. xii. p, 392 ; Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 73.) [E. E.] ANTI'PATER {'AvTiiraTpos), father of Herod the Great, was, according to Josephus, the son of a noble Iduraaean of the same name, to whom the government of Idumaea had been given by Alex- ander Jannaeus and his wife Alexandra, and at their court the young Antipater was brought up. The two other accounts which we have of his pa- rentiige appear to be false. (Joseph. Ant. xiv. 1. § 3; Nicol. Damasc, ap. Joseph. I. c; African, ap. Eusch. Hist. Eccl. i. 6, 7 ; Phot. Bill n. 76, 238.) In B. c. 65, he persuaded Hyrcanus to take refuge from his brother Aristobulus II. with Aretas, king of Arabia Petr.iea, by whom accordingly an unsuc- cessful attempt was made to replace Hyrcanus on the throne. {Ant. xiv. 2, BeU. Jud. i. 6* § 2.) In B. c. 64, Antipater again supported the cause of this prince before Pompey in Coele-Syria. {Ant. xiv. 3. § 2.) In the ensuing year, Jerusalem was taken bj' Pompey, and Aristobulus was deposed ; and henceforth we find Antipater both zealously- adhering to Hyrcanus, and labouring to ingratiate himself with the Romans, His services to the latter, especiallj' against Alexander son of Aristo- bulus, and in Egypt against Archelaus (b, o, 57 and 56), were favourably regarded by Scaurus and Gabinius, the lieutenants of Pompey ; his active zeal under Mithridates of Pergamus in the Alex- andrian war (b, c, 48) was rewarded by Julius Caesiir with the gift of Roman citizenship; and, on Caesar's coming into Syria (b,c. 47), Hyrcanus was confiraied by him in the high-priesthood, through Antipater's influence, notwithstanding the complaints of Antigonus son of Aristobulus, while Antipater himself was appointed procurator of Judaea, (Joseph, J 72i, xiv. 5. §§ 1, 2, 6. §§ 2-4, 8, BeU. Jud. i. 8. §§ 1, 3, 7, 9. §§ 3-5.) After Caesar had left Syria to go against Phaniaces, Antipater set himself to provide for the quiet settlement of the country under the existing government, and appointed his sons Phasaelus and Herod to be governors respectivelv of Jerusalem and Galilee. (Joseph. Ant. xiv. 9, §§ 1, 2, Bdl. Jud. i. 10. § 4.) His care for the peace and good order of the pro- vince was further shewn in b, c. 46, when he dis- suaded Herod from his purpose of attacking Hyrca-