Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/212

Rh 194 ANTIOCHUS. This king is first mentioned about b. c. 69, in tho campaign of Lucullus against Tigranes. (Dion Cass. Frag. xxxv. 2.) After Pompey had deposed Antiochns Asiaticus, the last king of Syria, B. c, 6.'i, he marched against Antiochus of Commagene, with whom he shortly afterwards concluded a peace, (b. c. 64.) Pompey added to his dominions Seleuceia and the conquests he had made in Mesopotamia. (Appian, Mithr. 106, 114.) When Cicero was governor of Cilicia (b. c. 51), he received from Antiochus intelligence of the movements of the Parthians. (Cic. ad Fam. XV. 1, 3, 4.) In the civil war between Caesar and Pompey (b. c. 49), Antiochus assisted the latter with troops. (Caesar, D. C. iii. 5 ; Appian, B. C. ii. 49.) In b. c 38, Ventidius, the legate of M. Antonius, after conquering the Parthians, marched agjxinst Antiochus, attracted by the great treasures which this king possessed ; and Antonius, arriving at the army just as the war was commencing, took it into his own hands, and laid siege to Samosata. He was, however, unable to take the place, and was glad to retire after making peace with Antio- chus. (Dion Cass. xlix. 20-22; Plut.^n^ 34.) A daughter of Antiochus married Orodes, king of Parthia. (Dion Cass. xlix. 23.) We do not know the exact period of the death of Antiochus, but he must have died before B. c. 31, as his successor !Mithridatcs is mentioned as king of Commagene in that year. (Plut. Ant. 61.) ANTl'OCHUS II. CAKn'oxos), king of Com- MAdENK, succeeded Mithridates I,, and was sum- moned to Rome by Augustus and executed in b. c. 29, because he had caused the assassination of an nml)assador, whom his brother had sent to Rome. Augustus gave the kingdom to Mithridates II., who was then a boy, because his father had been murdered by the king. (Dion Cass. Iii. 43, liv. 9.) ANTl'OCHUS III. ('Ai^ioxos), king of Com- MAGKNE, seems to have succeeded Mithridates II. AV'e know nothing more of him than that he died in A. D. 17. (Tac. Ann. ii. 42.) Upon his death, Commagene became a Roman province (Tac. -4w«. ii. 56), Jind remivined so till a. d. 38, when Antio- chus Epiphanes was appointed king bv Caligula. ANTl'OCHUS IV. ("Ai/tIoxos), king of Com- magene, sumamed EPIPHANES ('ETTJc^avTjj), was apparently a son of Antiochus III., and re- ceived his patenial dominion from Caligula in a. d. 38, with a part of Cilicia bordering on the sea- coast in addition. Caligula also gave him the whole amount of the revenues of Commagene dur- ing the twenty years that it had been a Roman province. (Dion Cass. lix. 8; Suet. Cal. 16.) He lived on most intimate terms with Caligula, and he and Herod Agrippa are spoken of as the in- structors of the emperor in the art of tyrann}-. (Dion Cass. lix. 24.) This friendship, however, was not of very long continuance, for he was subsequently deposed by Caligula and did not obtain his kingdom again till the accession of Claudius in a. d. 41. (Dion Cass. Ix. 8.) In A. d. 43 his son, also called Antiochus Epiphanes, was betrothed to Drusilla, the daughter of Agrippa. (Joseph. Ant. xix. 9. § 1.) In a. d. 53 Antiochus put down an insurrection of some barbarous tribes in Cilicia, called Clitae. (Tac. Ann. xii. ob.) In A. D. 55 he received orders from Nero to levy troops to make war against the Parthians, and in the year b9 he served imder Corbulo against Tiri- dates, brother of the Parthian king Vologeses. (xiii. ANTIOCHUS. 7, 37.) In consequence of his services in this war, he obtained in the year 61 part of Armenia, (xiv. 26.) He espoused the side of Vespasian, when he was proclaimed emperor in A. d. 70 ; and he is then spoken of as the richest of the tributary kings. (Tac. Hist. ii. 81.) In the same year he sent forces, commanded by his son Antiochus, to assist Titus in the siege of Jerusalem. (Joseph. 5c'//..A«c?. V. 11. § 3; Tac. Hist. v. I.) Two years after- wards, A. D. 72, he was accused by Paetus, the governor of Syria, of conspiring with the Parthians against the Romans, and was in consequence de- prived of his kingdom, after a reign of thirty-four years from his first appointment by Caligula. He first retired to Lacedaemon, and then to Rome, where he passed the remainder of his life with his sons Antiochus and Callinicus, and was treated with great respect. (Joseph. B. J. vii. 7.) There are several coins of this king extant, from which we learn, that the name of his wife was lotape. In the one annexed he is called BA2IAET2 MEFAS ANTI0X05. On the reverse a scorpion is repre- sented, surrounded with the foliage of the laurel, and inscribed KOMMArHNHN. (Eckhel, iii. p. 255, &c.; comp. Clinton, F. H. iii. p. 343, &c.) ANTl'OCHUS ('Aj/Tioxos), an Epigrammatic poet, one of whose epigrams is extant in tlie Greek Anthology, (xi. 412.) [L. S.] ANTl'OCHUS HIERAX ('Ai/t/oxos 'I^KX 80 called from his grasping and ambitious character, was the younger son of Antiochus II., king of Syria. On the death of his father in b. c. 246, Antiochus waged war upon his brother Seleucus Callinicus, in order to obtain Asia Minor for him- self as an independent kingdom. This war lasted for many years, but Antiochus was at length en- tirely defeated, chiefly through the efforts of Atta- ins, king of Pergamus, who drove him out of Asia Minor. Antiochus subsequently fled to Egypt, where he was killed b}' robbers in B. c. 227. He married a daughter of Zielas, king of Bithjmia. (Justin, xxvii. 2, 3 ; Polyaen. iv. 17 ; Plut. ~Mor. p. 489, a.; Euseb. Cliron. Arm. pp. 346, 347; Clinton, F. H. iii. pp. 311, 312, 413.) Apollo is represented on the reverse of the annexed coin. (Eckhel, iii. p. 219.) COIN OF ANTIOCHUS HIERAX.