Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/210

Rh 192 ANTIOCHUS. or from a superstitious belief that by so doing he should avert some calamity from the emperor. Dion Cassius favours the latter supposition. The grief of the emperor knew no bounds. He strove to perpetuate the memory of his favourite by monuments of all kinds. He rebuilt the city of Besa in the Thebais, near which Antinous was drowned, and gave it the name of Antinoopolis. He enrolled Antinous amongst the gods, caused temples to be erected to him in Egypt and Greece (at Mantineia), and statues of hira to be set up in almost every part of the world. In one of the sanctuaries dedicated to hira oracles were delivered in his name. Games were also celebrated in his hono'.ir. {Did. of Ant. s. v. 'Avrtvoeta.) A star be- tween the eagle and the zodiac, which the courtiers of the emperor pretended had then first made its appearance, and was the soul of Antinous, received his name, which it still bears. A large number of works of art of all kinds were executed in his honour, and many of them are still extant They have been diffusely described and classified by Konrad Levezow in his treatise Ueber den A71- tinous dargeifiellt in den Kunstdenkm'dlern des AlterUiums. The death of Antinous, which took place probtibly in a. n. 122, seems to have formed an era in the history of ancient art. (Dion Cass. Ixix. 11; Spartian. Hadrian. 14; Paus. viii. 9. § 4.) [C. P. M.J There were various medals struck in honour of Antinous in the Greek cities, but none at Rome or in any of the Roman colonies. In the one an- nexed, which was struck at Bithynium, the birth- place of Hadrian, the inscription is H IIATPIS ANTINOON 0EON, that is, " His native country (reverences) the god Antinous." The inscription on the reverse is nearly effaced on the medal from which the drawing was made : it was originally AAPIANriN BIOYNIEHN. On it Mercury is re- presented with a bull by his side, which probably has reference to Apis. (Kckhel, vi. p. 528, &ic.) ANTrOCHIS ('AfTtox/s). 1- A sister of Antiochus the Great, married to Xerxes, king of Armosata, a city between the Euphrates and the Tigris. (Polyb. viii. 25.) 2. A daughter of Antiochus the Great, married to Ariarathes, king of Cappadocia, bore to her hus- band two daughters and a son named Mithridates. (Diod. xxxi. Ed. 3 ; Appian, Syr. 5.) 3. A daughter of Achaeus, married to Attains, and the mother of Attains I., king of Pergamus. (Strab. xiii. p. G24.) ANTl'OCHUS {'hvTi6xos). There are three mythical personages of this name, concerning whom nothing of anv interest is related. (Diod. iv. 37; Paus. i. 5. § 2, X. 10. § 1 ; Apollod. ii. 4. § 5, &c.; JIvgin. Fah. 170.) [L. S.] ANTl'OCHUS {'kvTloxos), of Aegae in Cili- cia, a sophist, or as he himself pretended to be, a L'-ynic philosopher. He flourished about a. d. 200, ANTIOCHUS. during the reign of Severus and Caracalla. He belonged to a distinguished famil}^ some members of which were afterwards raised to the consulship at Rome. He took no part in the political affairs of his native place, but with his large property, which was increased by the liberality of the emperors, he was enabled to support and relieve his fellow- citizens whenever it was needed. He used to spend his nights in the temple of Asclepius, partly on account of the dreams and the communications with the god in them, and partly on account of the conversation of other persons who likewise spent their nights there without being able to sleep. During the war of Caracalla against the Parthians he was at first of some service to the Roman array by his C3'nic mode of life, but afterwards he de- serted to the Parthians together with Tiridates. Antiochus was one of the most distinguished rhetoricians of his time. He was a pupil of Dar- danus, the Assyrian, and Dionysius, the Milesian. He used to speak extempore, and his declamations and orations were distinguished for their pathos, their richness in thought, and the precision of their style, which had nothing of the pomp and bombast of other rhetoricians. But he ajso acquired some reputation as a writer. Philostratus mentions au historical work of his {la-ropia) which is praised for the elegance of its style, but what was the subject of this history is unknown. Phrynichus (p. 32) refers to a work of his called 'Ayopd. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. 4. 5. § 4 ; Dion Cass. Ixxvii. 19; Suidas, s.v. ; Eudoc. p. 58.) [L. S.] ANTl'OCHUS CAurioxos), of Ai.kxandkia, wrote a work on the Greek poets of the middle Attic comedy. (Athen. xi. p. 282.) Fabricius thinks that he is, perhaps, the same man as the mythographer Antiochus, who wrote a work on mythical traditions arranged according to the places where they were current. (Ptolem. Hephaest. v. 9 ; Phot. Cod. 190.) Some writers are inclined to consider the mythographer as the same with Antiochus of Aegae or Antiochus of Syracuse ; but nothing certain can be said about tlie matter. [L. S.] ANTl'OCHUS ('Aj/Woxoy), an Arcawan, was the envoy sent by his state to the Persian court in B. c. 367, when embassies went to Susa from most of the Grecian states. The Arcadians, prol)ab]y through the influence of Pelopidas, the Theban ambassador, were treated as of less importance than the Eleans — an affront which Antiochus re- sented by refusing the presents of the king. (Xen. Hel/. vii. 1. § 33, &c.) Xenophon says, that Ai>- tiochus had conquered in the pancratium ; and Pausanias informs us (ri. 3. § 4), that Antiochus, the pancratiast, was a native of Lepreum, and that he conquered in this contest once in the Olympic games, twice in the Nemean, and twice in the Isthmian. His statue was made by Nicodamus. Lepreum was claimed by the Arcadians as one of their towns, Avhence Xenophon calls Antiochus an Arcadian ; but it is more usually reckoned as be- longing to Elis. ANTl'OCHUS ('Aj/Ti'oxos), of Ascalox, the founder, as he is called, of the fifth Academj% was a friend of LucuUus the antagonist of Mithridates, and the teacher of Cicero during his studies at Athens (e. c. 79) ; but he had a school at Alexan- dria also, as well as in Syria, where he seems to have ended his life. (Plut. Cic. c. 4, Lucull. c. 42 : Cic. Acad, ii, 19.) He was a philosopher of con- siderable reputation in his time, for Sliiibo in de-