Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/205

Rh ANTIG0NU3. ANTIGONUS. b

I. Demetrius II., k. of Macedonia. Died B. c. 229. Married 1 . Stratonice, d. of Antio- chus Soter. 2. Phtlua,d. of Alexander, the son of Pyrrhus. Halcyoneufi. Antigonus Doson, k. of Echecratea, Macedonia. Died b. c. 221. | Married Phthia, the widow Antigonus. of Demetrius II. Apama. Philip V. king of Macedonia. Died B. c. 179. Perseus, k. of Macedonia. Conquered by the Romans B. c. 1 68. ANTI'GONUS {"kvriyovos), a Greek writer on the history of Ital3 (Fest. s. v. Romam; Dionys, Hal. i. 6.) It has been supposed that the Antigonus mentioned by Plutarch {Romul. 17) is the same as the historian, but the saying there quoted belongs to a king Antigonus, and not to the historian. [L. S.] ANTI'GONUS {'AvTlyovos), son of Alex- ANDKR, was sent by Perseus, king of Macedonia, as ambassador into Boeotia, in B. c. 172, and suc- ceeded in inducing the towns of Coroneia, Thebes, and Haliartus to remain faithful to the king. (Polyb. xxvii. 5.) [L. S.] ANTrCONUS {^Avriyovos), of Alexandria, a grammarian who is referred to by Erotian in his Proocmium and his Prenira. He is perhaps the same person as the Antigonus of whom the Scho- liast on Nicander speaks, and identical with Anti- gonus, the commentator of Hippocrates. (Erotian, p. 13.) [L.S.] ANTI'GONUS {"Avriyovos), king of Asia, sumamed the One-eyed (Lucian, Macrob. 1 1 ; Plut. de Pmror. Educ. 14), was the son of Philip of Elymiotis. He was bom about B. c. 382, and was one of the generals of Alexander the Great, and in the division of the empire {ifter his death (b. c. 323), he received the provinces of the Greater Plirygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia. Perdiccas, who had been appointed regent, had formed the plan of obtaining the sovereignty of the whole of Alex- ander's dominions, and therefore resolved upon the ruin of Antigonus, who was likely to stand in the waj' of his ambitious projects. Perceiving the danger which threatened him, Antigonus fled with his son Demetrius to Antipater in Macedonia (321); but the death of Perdiccas in Egypt in the same year put an end to the apprehensions of Antigonus. Antipater was now declared regent ; he restored to Antigonus his former provinces with the addition of Susiana, and gave him the commission of carry- ing on the war against Euraenes, who would not submit to the authority of the new regent. In this war Antigonus was completely successful ; he defeated Eumenes, and compelled him to take refuge with a small body of troops in Noi-a, an impregnable fortress on the confines of Lycaonia and Cappadocia ; and after leaving this place closely invested, he marched into Pisidia, and conquered Alcetas and Attains, the only generals who still held out against Antipater (bc. 320). [Alcetas.] The death of Antipater in the following year (u. c. 319) was favourable to the ambitious views of Antigonus, and almost placed within his reach the throne of Asia. Antipater had appointed Po- lysperchon regent, to the exclusion of his own son Cassander, who was dissatisfied with the arrange- ment of his father, and claimed the regency for himself. He was supported by Antigonus, and their confederacy was soon afterwards joined by Ptolemy. But they found a formidable rival in Eumenes, who was appointed by Polysperchon to the command of the troops in Asia. Antigonus commanded the troops of the confederates, and the struggle between him and Eumenes lasted for two years. The scene of the first campaign (b. c. 318) was Asia Minor and Syria, of the second (b. c. 317) Persia and Media. The contest was at length terminated by a battle in Gabiene at the beginning of B. c. 316, in which Eumenes was defeated. He was surrendered to Antigonus the next day through the treachery of the Argyraspids, and was put to death by the conqueror. Antigonus was now by far the most powerful of Alexander's generals, and was by no means dis- posed to share with his allies the fruits of his vic- tory. He began to dispose of the provinces as he thought fit. He caused Pithon, a general of great influence, to be brought before his council, and condemned to death on the charge of treachery, and executed several other officers who shewed symptoms of discontent. After taking possession of the immense treasures collected at Ecbatana and Susa, he proceeded to Babylon, where he called upon Seleucus to account for the administration of the revenues of this province. Such an account, however, Seleucus refused to give, maintaining that he had received the province as a free gift from Alexander's anny ; but, admonished by the recent fate of Pithon, he thought it more prudent to get out of the reach of Antigonus, and accordingly left Babylon secretly with a few horsemen, and fled to Egypt. The ambitious projects and great power of Anti- gonus now led to a general coalition against him, consisting of Seleucus, Ptolemy, Cassander, and Lysimachus. The war began in the year 315, and was carried on with great vehemence and al- ternate success in Syria, Phoenicia, Asia Minor, and Greece. After four years, all parties became exhausted with the struggle, and peace was accord- ingly made, in B. c. 311, on condition that the Gr(>ek cities should be free, that Cassander should retain his authority in Europe till Alexmider Ae- gus came of age, that Lysimachus and Ptolemy