Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/185

Rh think highly of them, and that they wM-e more of n rhetorical than an historical character. He en- joyed some reputation as a teacher of rhetoric and as an orator, both in the assembly of the people and in the courts of justice (Dion vs. Hal. /. c. ; Pans. /. c), and also wrote speeches for others, such as the one which Fluthias delivered against Phrvne. (Aihen. xiiL p* 591; comp. Harpocr. s. v. Y.vdlas.)

There have been, critics, such as Casaubon (ad Diog. Jjoert. ii. 3), who thought that the rhetori- cian and the historian Anaximenes were two dis- tinct persons ; but their identity has been proved by very satisfactory arguments. What renders him a person of the highest importance in the his- tory of Greek literature, is the following fact, which has been firmly established by the critical investigations of our own age. He is the only rhetorician previous to the time of Aristotle whose scientific treatise on rhetoric is now extant. This is the so-called 'PTjTopt/cr) irpos ^AXi^avSpoi/, which is usually printed among the works of Aristotle, to Avhom, however, it cannot belong, as all critics agree. The opinion that it is a work of Anaxi- menes was first expressed by P. Victorius in his preface to Aristotle's Rhetoric, and has been firmly established as a fact by Spengel in his Xwaywyii) rex^dif, "Sive Artium Scriptores ab initiis usque ad editos Aristotelis de rhetorica libros," Stuttgard, 18-28, p. 182. &c. (Comp. Quintil. iii. 4. § 9 with the notes of Gesner and Spalding.) This Rhetoric is preceded by a letter which is manifestly of later origin, and was probably intended as an introduc- tion to the study of the Rhetoric of Aristotle. The work itself is much interpolated, but it is at any rate clear that Anaximenes extended his subject beyond the limits adopted by his predeces- sors, with whose works he was well acquainted. He divides eloquence into forensic and deliberative, but also sugaests that a third kind, the epideictic, should be separated from them. As regards the plan and construction of the work, it is evident that its author was not a philosopher : the whole is a series of practical suggestions how this or that subject should be treated under various circum- stances, as far as argumentation, expression, and the arrangement of the parts of a speech are con- cerned. (Vossius, de Histor. (Jraec. p. 92, &c., ed. "W'estemiann ; Ruhnken, Hust. Ciit. Orat. Graec. p. 86 ; Westermann, Gesch. dev Gricch. Deredtsam- keit, §69.)

 ANAXIPPUS, an Athenian comic poet of the new comedy, was contemporary with Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes, and flourished about B. C. 303. (Suidas, s. v.) We have the titles of four of his plays, and perhaps of one more. (Meineke, i. pp. 469–70.)

 ANAXIS (■'Ai'a^js), a Boeotian, wrote a history of Greece, which was carried down to u. c. 30, the year before the accession of Philip to the king- dom of Macedonia. (Diod. xv. 95.)

 ANAXO ('Ara^aJ). 1. [Alcmkne.] 2. A wo- man of Troezen, whom Theseus was said to have carried off. After slaving her sons, he violated her daughters. (Plut. 77/k 20.) [L. S.]

 ANCAEUS {'AyKoios). 1. A son of the Ar- cadian Lycurgus and Creophile or Eurynome, and father of Agapenor. (Apollod. i. 8. § 2, iii. 9. S 2, 10. § 8 ; Hygin.F«6. 173 ; Horn. //. ii. 609.) Ho was one of the Argonauts and partook in the Calydoniau hunt, in which he was killed by the boar. (Apollod. i. 9. §§ 16 and 23; comp. Paus. viii. 5. § 2, 45. § 2 ; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 894 ; Ov. Met. Tiii. 400.)

2. A son of Poseidon and Astypalaea or Alta, king of the Leleges in Samos, and husband of Samia, the daughter of the river-god Maeander,by whom he became the father of Perilaus, Enodos, Samos, Alitherses, and Parthenope. (Paus. vii. 4. § 2 ; Callim. Hymn, in Del. 50.) This hero seems to have been confounded by some mythographers with Ancaeus, the son of Lycurgus ; for, according to Ilyginus {Fab. 14), Ancaeus, the son of Posei- don, was one of the Argonauts, but not the other ; and Apollonius Rhodius (ii. 867, &c.) relates, that after the death of Tiphys, Ancaeus, the son of Poseidon, became the helmsman of the ship Argo, which is just what Apollodorus relates of An- caeus, the son of Lycurgus. Lycophron (449), moreover, in speaking of the death of the son of Lycurgus by the Cah'donian boar, mentions a pro- verb, which, according to the Scholiast on Apol- lonius (i.l85), originated with Ancaeus, the son of Poseidon. The story of the proverb runs thus: Ancaeus was fond of agricultural occupations, and planted many vines. A seer said to him that he would not live to taste the wine of his vineyard. When Ancaeus afterwards was on the point of putting a cup of wine, the growth of his own vine- yard, to his mouth, he scorned the seer, who, how- ever, answered, iroKKa jnera^v kvAikos re wai X6iA«W &Kp(av^ " There is many a slip between the cup and the lip." At the same instant a tumult arose, and Ancaeus was informed that a wild boar was near. He put down his cup, went out against the animal, and was killed by it. Hence this Greek phrase was used as a proverb, to indicate any unforeseen occurrence by which a man's plans might be thwarted. (See Thirlwall in Philolop. Museum., vol. i. p. 106, &c.) A tliird Ancaeus occurs in //. xxiii. 635. [L. S.]

 Q. ANCHA′RIUS. 1. A senator, and of praetorian rank, was killed by ^Marius on the re- turn of the latter from Africa to Rome in B. c. 87 (Appian, B. C. i. 73.)

2. Tribune of the plebs in the consulship of Caesar and Bibulus, b. c. 59. He took an active part in opposing the agrarian law of Cae«ar, and in consequence of his services to the aristocratical party obtained the praetorship in B. c. 5Q. He succeeded L. Piso in the province of Macedonia in the following year. (Cic. pro Sest. 53, tw Pison. 36 ; Schol. Bob. pro Sest. p. 304, in Vatin. p. 317, ed. Orelli.) One of Cicero's letters is written to him {ad Fam. xiii. 40).

 ANCHA′RIUS PRISCUS. [.]

 ANCHE′SMIUS ('A7xe'o'.uior), a surname of Zeus derived from the hill Arichesmus in Attica, on which, as on several Attic hi'ls, there was a statue of the god. (Paus. i. 32. § 2.) [L. S.]

<section end="Anchesimus"/> <section begin="Anchiale"/>ANCHl′ALE ('A7xiaA.Tj), a daughter of Ja- petus and mother of Cydnus, who was believed to have founded the town of Anchiale in Ciiici.'i. (Steph. Byz. s. v.) Another personage of this name occurs in Apollon. Rhod. i. 1 1 30. [L. S.]

<section end="Anchiale"/> <section begin="Anchialus"/>ANCHI′ALUS ('A7X'aAos). Three mythical personages of this name occur in Hom. 0(1. i. 180, viii. 112; //. v. 60. [L. S.]

<section end="Anchialus"/> <section begin="Anchialus Michael"/>ANCHI′ALUS, MICHAEL rA7x^«^ov), pa- triarch of Constantinople from 1 167 to 1 185 A. n., was a warm opponent of the union of the Greek and Roman churches, and an eminent Aristotelian <section end="Anchialus Michael"/>