Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/182

164 ANAXA′RETE, a maiden of the island of Cyprus, who belonged to the ancient family of Teucer. She remained unmoved by the professions of love and lamentations of Iphis, who at last, in despair, hung himself at the door of her residence. When the unfortunate youth was going to be buried, she looked with indifference from her window at the funeral procession; but Venus punished her by changing her into a stone statue, which was preserved at Salamis in Cyprus, in the temple of Venus Prospiciens. (Ov. Met xiv. 698, &c.) Antoninus Liberalis (39), who relates the same story, calls the maiden Arsinoe, and her lover Arceophon.

 ANA′XIAS or ANAXIS ( or ), a son of Castor and Elaeira or Hilaeira, and brother of Mnasinus, with whom he is usually mentioned. The temple of the Dioscuri at Argos contained also the statues of these two sons of Castor (Paus. ii. 22. §6), and on the throne of Amyclae both were represented riding on horseback, (iii. 18. §7.)

 ANAXI′BIA. 1. A daughter of Bias and wife of Pelias, by whom she became the mother of Acastus, Peisidice, Pelopia, Hippothoë, and Alcestis. (Apollod. i. 9. §10.)

2. A daughter of Cratieus, and second wife of Nestor. (Apollod. i. 9. §9.)

3. A daughter of Pleisthenes, and sister of Agamemnon, married Strophius and became the mother of Pylades. (Paus. i. 29. §4; Schol. ad Eurip. Orest. 764, 1235.) Hyginus (Fab. 117) calls the wife of Strophius Astyochea. Eustathius (ad Il. ii. 296) confounds Agamemnon's sister with the daughter of Cratieus, saying that the second wife of Nestor was a sister of Agamemnon. There is another Anaxibia in Plut. de Flum. 4.

 ANAXI′BIUS, was the Spartan admiral stationed at Byzantium, to whom the Cyrean Greeks, on their arrival at Trapezus on the Euxine, sent Cheirisophus, one of their generals, at his own proposal, to obtain a sufficient number of ships to transport them to Europe, (B. C. 400. Xen. Anab. v. 1. §4.) When however Cheirisophus met them again at Sinope, he brought back nothing from Anaxibius but civil words and a promise of employment and pay as soon as they came out of the Euxine. (Anab. vi. 1. §16.) On their arrival at Chrysopolis, on the Asiatic shore of the Bosporus, Anaxibius, being bribed by Pharnabazus with great promises to withdraw them from his satrapy, again engaged to furnish them with pay, and brought them over to Byzantium. Here he attempted to get rid of them, and to send them forward on their march without fulfilling his agreement. A tumult ensued, in which Anaxibius was compelled to fly for refuge to the Acropolis, and which was quelled only by the remonstrances of Xenophon. (Anab. vii. 1. §1–32.) Soon after this the Greeks left the town under the command of the adventurer Coeratades, and Anaxibius forthwith issued a proclamation, subsequently acted on by Aristarchus the Harmost, that all Cyrean soldiers found in Byzantium should be sold for slaves. (Anab. vii. 1. § 36, 2. §6.) Being however soon after superseded in the command, and finding himself neglected by Pharnabazus, he attempted to revenge himself by persuading Xenophon to lead the army to invade the country of the satrap; but the enterprise was stopped by the prohibition and threats of Aristarchus. (Anab. vii. 2. §5–14.) In the year 389, Anaxibius was sent out from Sparta to supersede Dercyllidas in the command at Abydus, and to check the rising fortunes of Athens in the Hellespont. Here he met at first with some successes, till at length Iphicrates, who had been sent against him by the Athenians, contrived to intercept him on his return from Antandrus, which had promised to revolt to him, and of which he had gone to take possession. Anaxibius, coming suddenly on the Athenian ambuscade, and foreseeing the certainty of his own defeat, desired his men to save themselves by flight. His own duty, he said, required him to die there; and, with a small body of comrades, he remained on the spot, fighting till he fell, B. C. 388. (Xen. Hell. iv. 8. §32—39.)

 ANAXI′CRATES, a Greek writer of uncertain date, one of whose statements is compared with one of Cleitodemus. He wrote a work on Argolis. (Schol. ad Eurip. Med. 19, ad Androm. 222.)

 ANAXIDA′MUS, king of Sparta, 11th of the Eurypontids, son of Zeuxidamus, contemporary with Anaxander, and lived to the conclusion of the second Messenian war, B. C. 668. (Paus. iii. 7. §5.)

 ANAXIDA′MUS, an Achaean ambassador, sent to Rome in B. C. 164, and again in B. C. 155. (Polyb. xxxi. 6, 8, xxxiii. 2.)

 ANA′XILAS or ANAXILA′US, an Athenian comic poet of the middle comedy, contemporary with Plato and Demosthenes, the former of whom he attacked in one of his plays. (Diog. Laert. iii. 28.) We have a few fragments and the titles of nineteen of his comedies, eight of which are on mythological subjects. (Pollux, ii. 29, 34; x. 190; Athen. pp. 95, 171, 374, 416, 655; Meineke; Bode.)

<section end="Anaxilas"/> <section begin="Anaxilaus 1."/>ANAXILA′US, a Greek historian, of uncertain date. (Dionys. Ant. Rom. i. 1; Diog. Laert. i. 107.)

<section end="Anaxilaus 1."/> <section begin="Anaxilaus 2."/>ANAXILA′US, of , one of the parties who surrendered Byzantium to the Athenians in B. C. 408. He was afterwards brought to trial at Sparta for this surrender, but was acquitted, inasmuch as the inhabitants were almost starving at the time. (Xen. Hell. i. 3. §19; Plut. Alc. pp. 208, d., 209, a.; comp. Diod. xiii. 67, and Wesseling's note; Polyaen. i. 47. §2.)

<section end="Anaxilaus 2."/> <section begin="Anaxilaus 3."/>ANAXILA′US or ANA′XILAS, tyrant of , was the son of Cretines, and of Messenian origin. He was master of Rhegium in B. C. 494, when the Samians and other Ionian fugitives seized upon Zancle. Shortly afterwards he drove them out of this town, peopled it with fresh inhabitants, and changed its name into Messene. (Herod, vi, 22, 23; Thuc. vi. 4; comp. Aristot. Pol. v. 10. §4.) In 480 he obtained the assistance of the Carthaginians for his father-in-law, Terillus of Himera, against Theron. (Herod, vii. 165.) The daughter of Anaxilaus was married to Hiero. (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. i. 112.) Anaxilaus died in 476, leaving Micythus guardian of his children, who obtained possession of their inheritance in 467, but was soon afterwards deprived of the sovereignty by the people. (Diod. xi. 48, 66, 76.) The chronology of Anaxilaus has been discussed by Bentley (Diss. on Phalaris, p. 105, &c., ed. of 1777), who has shewn that the Anaxilaus of Pausanias (iv. 23. §3) is the same as the one mentioned above. <section end="Anaxilaus 3."/>