Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/1014

Rh 996 DEXIPPUS. same time to refute the objections of Plotiniis. (Plotin. Ennead. vi. 1, 2, 3 ; comp. Simplic. ad Arid. Categ. fol. 1, a. ; Tzetzes, Chiliad, ix. Hist. 274.) Specimens of the Greek text are to be found in Iriarte, Cod. Bill. Matrit. Catalog, pp. 135, 274, &c., and from tliese we leani that there are other dialogues of Dexippus on similar subjects still ex- tant in manuscript. (Fabric. BU}1. Gr, iii. pp. 254, 486, V. pp. 697, 740.) [A. S.] DEXIPPUS (Ae|jinros), called also Diompptis, a physician of Cos, who was one of the pupils of the celebrated Hippocrates, and lived in the fourth century B. c. (Suid. s. v. Ae^nnros.) Hecatomnus, prince of Caria(ac. 385-377), sent for him to cure his sons, Mausolus and Pixodarus, of a dan- gerous illness, which he undertook to do upon con- dition that Hecatomnus should cease from waging war against his country. (Suid. ibid.) He wrote some medical works, of which nothing but the titles remain. He was blamed by Erasistratus for his excessive severity in restricting the quantity of drink allowed to his patients. (Galen, De Seda Opt. c. 14, vol. i. p. 144 ; Comment. I. in Hippocr. "Z)e Rat. Vid. in Morb. A cut:' c. 24, Comment. III. c. 38, and Comment. IV. c. 5, vol. xv. pp. 478, 703, 744 ; De Venae Sed. adv. Erasistr. c. 9, vol- xi. p. 182.) He is quoted by Plutarch {Sympos. vii. 1) and Aulus Gellius (xvii. 11) in the contro- versy that was maintained among some of the ancient physicians as to whether the drink passed down the windpipe or the gullet. [W. A. G.] DEXIPPUS, PUBLIUS HERE'NNIUS, a Greek rhetorician and historian, was a son of Ptolemacus and bom in the Attic demos of Her- mus. (Bockh, Corp. Inscript. i. n. 380, p. 439, &c.) He lived in the third century after Christ, in the reigns of Claudius Gothicus, Tacitus, Aure- lian, and Probus,till about A. D. 280. (Eunap. Vit. Porphyr. p. 21.) He was regarded by his con- temporaries and later writers as a man of most extensive learning; and we learn from the inscription just referred to, that he was honoured at Athens with the highest offices that existed in his native city. In A. D. 262, when the Goths penetrated into Greece and ravaged several towns, Dexippus proved that he was no less great as a general and a man of business than as a scholar, for, after the capture of Athens, he gathered around him a number of bold and courageous Athenians, and took up a strong position on the neighbouring hills. Though the city itself was taken by the barbarians, and Dexippus with his band was cut off from it, he made an unexpected descent upon Peiraeeus and took vengeance upon the enemy. (Dexipp. Exc. de Bell. Scyth. p. 26, &c. ; Trebell. PolL Gallien. 13.) We are not informed whether Dexippus wrote any rhetorical works ; he is known to us only as an historical author. Photius (Bibl. Cod. 82) has preserved some account of three historical works of Dexippus. 1. Tci iierd. *A^avSpov, in four books. It was a history of Macedonia from the time of Alexander, and by way of introduction the author prefixed a sketch of the preceding his- tory', from the time of Caranus to Alexander. (Comp. Euseb. Citron. 1.) 2. ^vvto/mv IcrTopiKop, or as Eunapius (p. 58) calls it, xP^^^kv iCTopla, was a chronological history from the mythical ages down to the accession of Claudius Gothicus, a. d. 268. It consisted probably of twelve books, the { DIADUMENIANUS. twelfth being quoted by Stephanus of Byzantium (s. V. "EXou/Jot), and it is frequently referred to by the writers of the Augustan history. (Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 49 ; Capitolin. Maximin. Jun. 6, Tres Gord. 2, 9, Majdm. d Balbin. 1 ; Treb. Poll. Gallien. 15, Trig. Tyr. 32, Claud. 12; comp. Evagrius, Hid. Eccles. v. 24.) 3. 2Ku0«/fa, that is, an account of the war of the Goths or Scythians, in which Dexippus himself had fought. It com- menced in the reign of Decius, and was brought to a close by Aurelian. Photius praises the style and diction of Dexippus, especially in the third work, and looks upon him as a second Thucydides ; but this praise is highly exaggerated, and the frag- ments still extant shew, that his style has all tlie faults of the late Greek rlietoricians. The frag- ments of Dexippus, which have been considerably increased in modern times by the discoveries of A. Mai {Collect. Script. Vet. ii. p. 319, cScc), have been collected by I. Bekker and Niebuhr in the first volume of the Scnptores Historiae Byzantinacy Bonn, 1829, 8vo. [L. S.] DEXTER, AFRA'NIUS, was consul suffectus in a. d. 98, in the reign of Trajan (Plin. Epid. V. 14) and a friend of Martial. {Epigr. vii. 27.) He was killed during his consulship. [L. S.] DEXTER, C.DOMrTIUS,was consul inA.o. 196, in the reign of Septimius Severus, who ap- pointed him praefect of the city. (Spartian. Sever. 8; Fasti.) [L. S.] DIA (Afa), a daughter of Deioneus and the wife of Ixion. (Schol. ad Find. Pyth. ii. 39.) Her father is also called Eioneus. (Diod. iv. Q9; Schol. ad Apollon. Pliod. iii. 62.) By Ixion, or accord- ing to others, by Zeus (Hygin. Fah. 155), she be- came the mother of Peirithous, who received his name from the circumstance, that Zeus when he attempted to seduce her, ran around her {ir^pi- Qiuv) in the form of a horse. (Eustath. ad Ham. p. 101.) There are two other mythical personages of this name. (Schol. ad Find. 01. i. 144 ; Tzetz. ad Lycopli. 480.) Dia is also used as a surname of Hebe or Ganymede, who had temples under this name at Phlius and Sicyon. (Strab. viii. p. 382; Pans. ii. 13. § 3.) [L. S.] DIADEMA'TUS, a surname of L. Caecilius Metellus, consul in B. c. 117. DIADUMENIA'NUS or DIADUMENUS, M. OPE'LIUS, the son of M. Opelius Macrinus and Nonia Celsa, was bom on the 1 9th of Septem- ber, A. D. 208. When his father was elevated to the purple, after the murder of Caracalla on the 8th of March, a. d. 217, Diadumenianus received the titles of Caesar., Princeps Juventutis, Antoninus^ and eventually of Imperator and Augudus also. Upon the victory of Elagabalus, he was sent to the charge of Artabanus, the Parthian king, but was betrayed and put to death about the same time with Macrinus. This child is celebrated on account of his sur- passing beauty by Lampridius, who declares, that COIN OF diadumenianus.