Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology (1870) - Volume 1.djvu/101

Rh selves under the protection of the Romans. By his first wife, Triteuta, whom he divorced, he had a son named Pinnes, or Pinneus, who survived him, and was placed under the guardianship of Demetrius Pharius, who married his mother after the death of Teuta. (D. C. 34.46, 151 ; Plb. 2.2-4; Appian, App. Ill. 7; Flor. 2.5; Plin. H.N. 34.6.)

AGRO'TERA (Ἀγροτέρα), the huntress, a surname of Artemis. (Hom. Il. 21.471.) At Agrae on the Ilissus, where she was believed to have first hunted after her arrival from Delos, Artemis Agrotera had a temple with a statue carrying a bow. (Paus. 1.19.7.) Under this name she was also worshipped at Aegeira. (7.26.2.) The name Agrotera is synonymous with Agraea [AGRAEUS], but Eustathius (ad Il. p. 361) derives it from the town of Agrae. Concerning the worship of Artemis Agrotera at Athens, see Dict. of Ant. s. v. Ἀγροτέρας Δυσία, p. 31.

AGYIEUS (Ἀγυιεύς), a surname of Apollo describing him as the protector of the streets and public places. As such he was worshipped at Acharnae (Paus. 1.31.3), Mycenae (2.19.7), and at Tegea. (8.53.1.) The origin of the worship of Apollo Agyieus in the last of these places is related by Pausanias. (Compare Hor. Carm. 4.6.28; Macr. 1.9.)

AGY'RRHIUS (Ἀγύρριος), a native of Collytus in Attica, whom Andocides ironically calls τόν καλὸν κἀγαθὸν (de Myst. p. 65, ed. Reiske), after being in prison many years for embezzlement of public money, obtained about B. C. 395 the restoration of the Theoricon, and also tripled the pay for attending the assembly, though he reduced the allowance previously given to the comic writers. (Harpocrat. s. v. Θεωρικὰ, Ἀγύρριος; Suidas, s. v. ἐκκλησιαστικὸν; Schol. ad Aristoph. Eccl. 102 ; Dem. c. Timocr. p. 742.) By this expenditure of the public revenue Agyrrhius became so popular, that he was appointed general in B. C. 389. (Xen. Hell. 4.8.31; Diod. 14.99; Böckh, Publ. Econ. of Athens, pp. 223, 224, 316, &c., 2nd ed. Engl. transl.; Schomann, de Comitiis, p. 65, &c.)

AHA'LA, the name of a patrician family of the Servilia Gens. There were also several persons of this gens with the name of Structus Ahala, who may have formed a different family from the Ahalae ; but as the Ahalae and Structi Ahalae are frequently confounded, all the persons of these names are given here.

1. C. Servilius Structus Ahala, consul B. C. 478, died in his year of office, as appears from the Fasti. (Liv. 2.49.)

2. C. Servilius Structus Ahala, magister equitum B. C. 439, when L. Cincinnatus was appointed dictator on the pretence that Sp. Maelius was plotting against the state. In the night, in which the dictator was appointed, the capitol and all the strong posts were garrisoned by the partizans of the patricians. In the morning, when the people assembled in the forum, and Sp. Maelius among them, Ahala summoned the latter to appear before the dictator; and upon Maelius disobeying and taking refuge in the crowd, Ahala rushed into the throng and killed him. (Liv. 4.13, 14; Zonaras, 7.20; Dionys. Exc. Mai, i. p. 3.) This act is mentioned by later writers as an example of ancient heroism, and is frequently referred to by Cicero in terms of the highest admiration (in Catil. i l, pro Mil. 3, Cato, 16); but it was in reality a case of murder, and was so regarded at the time. Ahala was brought to trial, and only escaped condemnation by a voluntary exile. (V. Max. 5.3.2; Cic. de Rep. 1.3, pro Dom. 32.) Livy passes over this, and only mentions (4.21), that a bill was brought in three years afterwards, B. C. 436, by another Sp. Maelius, a tribune, for confiscating the property of Ahala, but that it failed. A representation of Ahala is given on a coin of M. Brutus, the murderer of Caesar, but we cannot suppose it to be anything more than an imaginary likeness. M. Brutus pretended that he was descended from L. Brutus, the first consul, on his father's side, and from C. Ahala on his mother's, and thus was sprung from two tyrannicides. (Comp. Cic. Att. 13.40.) The head of Brutus on the annexed coin is therefore intended to represent the first consul.

3. C. Servilius Structus Ahala, Q. F. C. N., consul B. C. 427. (Liv. 4.30.)

4. C. Servilius Structus Ahala, P. F. Q. N., consular tribune B. C. 408, and magister equitum in the same year; which latter dignity he obtained in consequence of supporting the senate against his colleagues, who did not wish a dictator to be appointed. For the same reason he was elected consular tribune a second time in the following year, 407. He was consular tribune a third time in 402, when he assisted the senate in compelling his colleagues to resign who had been defeated by the enemy. (Liv. 4.56, 57, 5.8, 9.)

5. C. Servilius Ahala, magister equitum B. C. 389, when Camillus was appointed dictator a third time. (Liv. 6.2.) Ahala is spoken of as magister equitum in 385, on occasion of the trial of Manlius. Manlius summoned him to bear witness in his favour, as one of those whose lives he had saved in battle; but Ahala did not appear. (4.20.) Pliny, who mentions this circumstance, calls Ahala P. Servilius. (H. N. 7.39.)

6. Q. Servilius Ahala, Q. F. Q. N., consul B. C. 365, and again B. C. 362, in the latter of which years he appointed Ap. Claudius dictator, after his plebeian colleague L. Genucius had been slain in battle. In 360 he was himself appointed dictator in consequence of a Gallic tumultus, and defeated the Gauls near the Colline gate. He held the comitia as interrex in 355. (Liv. 7.1, 4, 6, 11,17.)

7. Q. Servilius Ahala, Q. F. Q. N., magister equitum B. C. 351, when M. Fabius was appointed dictator to frustrate the Licinian law, and consul B. C. 342, at the beginning of the first Samnite war. He remained in the city; his colleague had the charge of the war. (Liv. 7.22, 38.)

AHENOBARBUS, the name of a plebeian family of the DOMITIA GENS, so called from the red hair which many of this family had. To explain this name, which signifies "Red-Beard," and to assign a high antiquity to their family, it was said that the Dioscuri announced to one of their