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 replied in Ep. 107, written in 401. He desires that she should lead the ascetic life and prepare to consecrate herself to Christ in virginity; and begs that, if she could not carry out at Rome the system of instruction in scriptural knowledge which he prescribed, she might be sent to Bethlehem. She was probably sent there while still a child, though not till after her grandmother's death. Several of Jerome's commentaries are dedicated to her with her aunt Eustochium, and she is mentioned by both Jerome and Augustine in their correspondence in 416 (Hieron. Epp. 134, 143, both to Augustine).

[W.H.F.]

Paulina (1), daughter of Paula the friend of Jerome, and wife of. She married about the time when her mother and her sister Eustochium went with Jerome to Palestine in 385. Her children died at birth and she herself probably died in childbirth in 397. Her merits are described in consolatory letters to Pammachius from Jerome (Ep. 66, ed. Vall.) and Paulinus (Ep. 13, Migne's Patr. Lat. vol. 61).

[W.H.F.]

Paulinianus, younger brother of Jerome. He was still young in 385 ("adolescens," Hieron. c. Rut. iii. 22) when he left Rome with his brother and their friend Vincentius, and he was under 30 when ordained in 394 (Hieron. adv. Joan. Hier. § 8). He shared his brother's journeys in Palestine and settled with him in Bethlehem, where he probably remained to the end of his life. He was modest, only desiring to help his brother in the monastery. But Epiphanius, coming to Jerusalem in 394, and finding (or rather promoting) a schism between the monasteries of Bethlehem and bp. John of Jerusalem, took him to the monastery which he had founded at Ad, and there, against the protests and even resistance of Paulinian, ordained him priest. (See in Hieron. Ep. li. 1, ed. Vall. the trans. of Epiphanius's explanatory letter to John of Jerusalem.) Paulinian may perhaps have acted as presbyter in the monasteries for a time, but he felt it prudent during the vehement controversy which sprang up between Jerome and bp. John of Jerusalem to go to Epiphanius in Cyprus. Jerome declares (contra Joannem § 41) that his brother was in Cyprus.

[W.H.F.]

Paulinus (3), bp. of Tyre and afterwards of Antioch, 328–329 (Clinton,F. R.). He was apparently a native of Antioch, and, according to his friend and panegyrist Eusebius (Eus. in Marcell. i. 4, p. 19), filled the office of bp. of Tyre with great splendour, and after the cessation of the persecution rebuilt with great magnificence the cathedral elaborately described by the historian in the inaugural oration delivered by him at its dedication (ib. H. E. x. 4). Paulinus was "claimed by the church of the Antiochenes as their own property," ὡς οἰκείου ἀγαθοῦ μεταποιηθῆναι, and chosen their bishop. According to Philostorgius, he only held his new dignity for half a year before his death (Philost. H. E. iii. 15). Paulinus, like his friend Eusebius of Caesarea, was an Arianizer, claimed by Arius in his letter to Eusebius of Nicomedia as one of his sympathizers (Theod. H. E. i. 5). Eusebius of Caesarea lavishes unstinting praise on his fellow-partisan, dedicates to him his Ecclesiastical History (Eus. H. E. x. 1), and speaks with great indignation of the unfounded charges brought against him by Marcellus, with the view of fixing on him the impious tenet that our blessed Lord is no more than a created being (in Marcell. u.s.).

[E.V.]

Paulinus (4), St., 6th bp. of Trèves, between St. Maximinus and St. Bonosus, one of the foremost Gallic champions of orthodoxy against Arianism. He was probably consecrated in 349. In 351, at the council of Sirmium, Paulinus seems to have boldly championed the orthodox cause. The letter of condemnation of Athanasius tendered for his signature he scornfully rejected, exclaiming that he would sign the condemnation of Photinus and Marcellus, but not of Athanasius (Sulpicius Severus, Hist. Sacr. ii. 37, Migne, Patr. Lat. xx. 150). At the council of Arles in 353 Paulinus's fate was decided. The emperor Constantius there decreed the banishment of bishops who should refuse to subscribe the condemnation of Athanasius. Paulinus remained steadfast, and, after being condemned by the bishops, was driven into exile in Phrygia, to parts inhabited by heathen and heretics. This occurred in 353 or, at latest, in 354, not 356, as Jerome gives it. He died in 358 or 359. The church of his name outside the walls was one of the earliest at Trèves (Wilmowsky, Der Dom zu Trier, p. 11).

For his life see, further, the passages from the works of Athanasius collected, Boll. Acta SS. Aug. vi. 669 sqq.; Hilarius, ''ad Const. Aug.'' lib. i.; ''Lib. contra Const. Imp. 11; Fragr. Migne, Patr. Lat.'' x. 562, 588, 631.

[S.A.B.]

Paulinus (5) (Paulonas), a priest and a disciple of Ephraem Syrus. Gennadius (de Script. Eccl. c. iii. in Patr. Lat. lviii. 1062) gives a short account of him, speaking of his great talent, knowledge of Scripture, and power as a preacher. After his master's death he "separated from the church, and wrote much against the faith," being of an ambitious temperament and eager for renown.

[G.W.D.]

Paulinus (6), bp. of the Eustathian or old Catholic party at Antioch, 362–388, a man highly esteemed for piety. He was one of Eustathius's presbyters, and, subsequently to the death of Eustathius, was recognized as the head of the Eustathians, who, refusing to hold communion with Meletius, with whom they were doctrinally agreed, in consequence of his having been appointed and consecrated by Arians, remained some time without a bishop, holding their meetings for worship in a small church within the walls of Antioch, the use of which had been granted by the Arian bp. Evagrius, out of respect for Paulinus's high character. Lucifer of Calaris, on his way home from his banishment in Upper Egypt, 362, went straight to Antioch, where, finding it impossible to reconcile the two contending parties he took the fatal step of ordaining Paulinus bp. of the Eustathian Catholics. This rendered union impossible, and the church had to lament the consequent schism at Antioch for more than half a century. The controversy between the churches of the West and of Egypt which supported Paulinus, and that of the East which adhered to Meletius, was not finally healed till Alexander became bp, of Antioch, 413. For