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Theatre, where he continued till his death. He was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and his landscapes con- tributed to their exhibition in 1777 were much noticed. His landscape scenery was grand, with great beauty of execution, par- ticularly in his early pictures ; his colour- ing warm, with depth of middle tint, giving a great tranquillity of light and shade. He painted coast scenes, with the waves break- ing on the shore, with great truth and force ; and a drop-scene of this character is described as of terrific excellence. He was a fast liver and generous host, and for several years afflicted, with gout. Died in Bow Street at the end of November 1791.

CARWAIIDINE, Miss J., miniature painter. Born in Herefordshire. She was an exhibitor up to 1761, when she married Mr. Butler, organist of St. Martin's and St. Anne's, Westminster, and quitted the practice of her profession.

CARWITHAM, J., engraver. Born in England. Practised in the first half of the 18tn century, and worked chiefly upon book plates. He largely employed etching, but some plates are worked with the graver only, and retouched in the manner of Picart, after whom he engraved an emblem- atical frontispiece dated 1723. He en- graved the 'Laocoon' from the antique, 1741.

CASALI, Andrea, The Chevalier, his- tory painter. Born at Civita Vecchia 1720. He came to England before 1748, as in that year he was employed to pamt the transparencies which formed part of the decorations used in St. James's Park on the celebration of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle — works which were afterwards engraved. He painted some ceilings at Fonthill, and was one of the first candidates for the Society of Arts' premiums, obtaining in 1760 the second premium oi 50 guineas for a subject from English history ; in 1762, the first premium of 100 guineas ; and in 1766, a third premium of 50 guineas. He painted an altar-piece for the chapel of the Foimdling Hospital, which was afterwards removed, to make place for West's 'Wise Men's Offering ; ' «uid about 1758 the figures of St. Peter and St. Paul for the altar of St Margaret's Church, Westmin- ster. His works were carefully and neatly painted, but tawdry in colour and theatri- cal in style. He completed some etchings, among them from the pictures for which ne gained the Society of Arts' premiums. In 1763 he sold his collected works by auction, and soon after 1766 quitted England, ana lived several years at Rome.

CASANOVA, Francis, landscape and battle painter. Born in London, of Italian parents, 1730. Settled in Paris, where he was admitted a member of the Academy of Painting in 1763. He was employed by 74

the Prince of Conde, and also by Catherine II., who engaged him to paint the Russian victories over the Turks. He died near Vienna 1805.

CASSELS, Richard, architect. He was born in Germany, and invited to Ire- land, came and settled there in 1773. There was little talent to oppose him, and he was soon successful. He built the man- sion of Hazlewood, Co. Sligo ; Powers- court, Co. Wicklow ; Carton House, Kil- dare ; Bessborough House, Kilkenny; Leinster House, and several other fine mansions, in Dublin; also the Lying-in Hospital, 1757, and the Printing-office in the College Park. The design for the Parliament House has been attributed to him. He died suddenly, aged 60, and was buried at Maynooth. Ife was very eccentric and addicted to intemperance, but Ireland owes to him the introduction of a better style of architecture.

CASTELLS, Peter, painter and en- graver. Born at Antwerp 1684. He came to England in 1708, and in 1716 revisited his native city, but soon returned to this country. He painted birds, fowls, fruit, and flowers — mostly the latter, but in an inferior manner. His engravings had more merit. Lord Burlington published, at his own expense, Castells' * Villas of the An- cients,' giving him the profits. In 1726 he published himself 12 plates of birds and fowls, which he etched from his own de- signs ; also some plates from his pictures, which have much merit. In 1735 he removed to Tooting, as designer for some calico works there, and afterwards followed the manufactory to Richmond, where he died May 16, 1749.

CATESBY, Mark, F.R.S., amateur and naturalist. Born 1679 ; and in 1712 visited America, where he remained seven years, studying the botany of the country. On his return he was induced by some scientific friends to revisit America, and taking up his quarters at Charleston, he made incursions into Georgia and Florida, collecting specimens. On his return to England he studied etching, and engraved his own work, * The Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands/ published 1741-43, comprising 165 plates, all drawn and etched by his own hand* The birds, animals, plants, and insects are of large size, are well drawn, and expressed with much character and must have been the fruit of great industry and labour, whilst its sale was the chief support left for his widow and two children. He died Dec. 24, 1749, aged 70.

CATTERMOLE, George, water-colour painter. He was born at Dickleburgh, near Diss, in August, 1800, and at the age of 16 began his career as a topographical draftsman, and drew for Brittous ' English