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wood at the Battle of Trafalgar/ He published ' the Art of Marine Painting in Water-colours ' 1859, and in * Oil-colours ' 1864.

CARPENTER, Richard Cromwell, architect He was born October 21, 1812, and was educated at the Charter House, and then articled to Mr. Blyth, under whom he studied Gothic architecture with great industry. He first exhibited at the Academy, in 1830, ' Design for a Cathedral Transept ; ' in the next year, ' A Cathedral Shrine ; ' in 1832, * An Italian Villa.' His earliest executed works were the churches of St. Stephen and St. Andrew at Birming- ham, erected about 1841. His later works — St. Paul, Brighton ; St. Mary Magdalene, Munster Square, London ; and the restor- ations at Chichester Cathedral, Sherborne Abbey, and St. John's College, Hurstpier- point, Sussex ; the last probably his most important work. He died in Upper Bed- ford Place, Russell Square, March 27, 1855, in his 43rd year.

CARPENTER, Mrs. Margaret Sarah, portrait painter. She was the daughter of Captain Geddes, who was of an Edinburgh family, and was born at Salisbury in 1793. She was instructed in art by a drawing- master who practised in that city, and greatly improved herself by the stuay, to which she was admitted, of the fine collec- tion of paintings at Longford Castle ; and for one of her copies was awarded a gold medal by the Society of Arts. In 1814 she was induced to come to London, where she soon established herself as a portrait painter. She exhibited a portrait of Lord Folke- stone at the Academy in that year, and at the British Institution^ 'The Fortune Teller.' In 1817 she married Mr. Carpen- ter, of the British Museum, and from that time to 1866 was a constant contributor of portraits, with occasionally a subject pic- ture, to the Academy Exhibitions. Among her exhibited portraits were Sir H. Bun- bury, 1822; Lady Denbigh, 1831; Lady King, 1835 ; Lord John Manners, Gibson, R.A. ; and, her last work, Dr. Whewell. Her portrait of Gibson is in the National Gallery, and three of her works in the South Kensington Museum. Upon the death of her husband in 1866 she was granted a pension of 100J. a year — a grace- ful recognition of her own merits as well as of her husband's valued services. She died in London, November 13, 1872, in her 80th year.

CARPENTIERS, or CHARPEN-

TlfiRE, Adrien, portrait painter. Born in Switzerland. Came to London about the year 1760, and settled here in the practice of his profession. In 1763 he was a member of the Free Society of Artists, and was a constant exhibitor at the Spring Gardens Exhibitions. From 1770 to 1774

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he sent portraits and portrait-groups to the Academv Exhibitions. A half-length por- trait of ' Roubiliac, the sculptor, modelling Shakespeare's bust,' which has been well engraved both in mezzo-tint and line, is mentioned as one of his best works ; it is now in the National Portrait Gallery. His own portrait is in Salter's Hall, St. Swithin's Lane. In the latter part of his life he lived in Pimlico, and he died there far advanced in years, but the date k unknown. He ceased to exhibit in 1774.

CARR, The Rev. William Holwell, amateur. Born in 1750. He painted landscapes, and was an occasional honorary exhibitor at the Royal Academy from 1797 to 1820 of landscape views. He died in 1830, and bequeathed several good works, by the old masters, to the National Gallery.

CARR, John, of York, architect. Was born at Horbury, near Wakefield, in May 1723. He commenced life as a working man. and settling in York, found full em- ployment. By his intelligence and industry he improved his position, and practised with reputation as an architect. He built the Court House at York ; Harewood House, near Leeds, 1760 ; Thoresby of Nottmghamshire ; Oakland House, Che- shire ; Burton Park, Constable, Yorkshire ; Lytham Hall, near Preston ; the east front and gallery of Wentworth Castle, near Beverley ; York Castle and Gaol ; Basildon Park, 1780, and Farnley Hall, 1790— both in Yorkshire. At his own expense, nearly 10,000^., he built the parish church of his native village, and was buried there. He died at Askbam Hall, near York, February 22, 1807, aged 84. He was lord mayor of York in 1770, and again in 1785. His buildings were symmetrical and well planned, his elevations marked by sim- plicity and good taste, and he enjoyed considerable merit in his profession, amass- ing a very large property.

CARR, Johnson, landscape painter. Was descended from a respectable family in the North of England, and became the pupil of Richard Wilson, R.A. He ob- tained premiums from the Society of Arts for his landscape drawings in 1762 and 1763. His drawings were something in the manner of his master, drawn on tinted paper in black and white chalk, and showed great promise. He died of rapid consumption, January 16, 1765, in nis 22nd year.

CARR, R., engraver. Practised in the latter part of the 17th century. He imi- tated Hollar, but with little success. He etched a map of England, which is dated 1668.

CARRICK, Thomas, miniature painter. Was born at Carlisle, and was entirely self-taught in art, and unsupported in his self-advancement. He came to London,

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