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success induced him to take up that art, though for some time he pursued music and painting together. He was a student of the Academy, and under the tuition of Hoppner, R. A. : and in 1799 he exhibited at the Royal Academy his first portrait, and thenceforth followed art. In 1801 he exhibited two portraits and a landscape view of Oxford, and soon found the true bent of his genius, for after 1803 his exhi- bited works were for many years exclusively landscapes. In 1806 he had fully confirmed the expectations raised by his first works. He was looked upon as a very rising painter of the landscape school, and in that year was elected an associate of the Royal Academy. He continued to paint English landscape, chiefly river and coast scenery, with increasing reputation ; and in 1810 he gained his election as full member of the Academy.

Commissions came freely upon him, but he was not a rapid painter ; his work was conscientiously and studiously laborious, and in the 10 years — 1813-22— he only exhibited seven of his works at the Royal Academy. In 1827 he married the widow of Captain Graham, R.N., a lady well known by her literary abilities, and with his wife set off for a Continental tour. His subjects up to this time had continued of the same class, with one or two Dutch coast scenes, but in 1830 he commenced his Italian landscapes. In 1837 he painted a life-size subject picture of ' Raphael and the Fornarina/ and the same year received the honour of knighthood. In the following year he produced another large work, 1844 he was appointed surveyor of the royal pictures, an office for which he was well fitted, but which he did not long enjoy. His health had been for some time failing. His wife died in 1842, and he then showed increased feebleness and marks of suffering, and died at Kensington, November 25, 1844, aged 65. He was buried at the fcensal Green Cemetery.
 * Milton dictating to his Daughters.' In

His early English and Dutch landscapes were among his best works. They show great richness and purity of tone and colour, with a thorough feeling for English nature. His Italian landscapes charm by their tasteful composition and classic rendering. Claude-like they have been called, but are purely original. He will always rank as one of the eminent landscape painters of the English school, representing with much refinement and poetry Nature m her most

Elacid and gentle moods. In his private fe he was amiable and greatly esteemed, generous and unprejudiced in all that related to his profession.

CALVERT, Frbdbbiok, topographic draftsman. Published, in 1815, four of his own drawings, of the Interior of Tin- 68

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tern Abbey, and ' Lessons on landscape colouring, shadowing, and pencilling ; ' in 1822, a series of lithographic drawings, 'The Forest Illustrated ;' in 1830, 'Pic- turesque Views in Staffordshire and Sh^0Dshire, — 39 plates. He also contri- buted some papers in the ' Archaeological Journal/

CALVERT, Charles, landscape paint- er. Born September 23, 1785, at Glossop Hall, Derbyshire, where his father was agent for the Duke of Norfolk's estate. He served an apprenticeship in Manches- ter, and commenced business as a cotton merchant, but soon relinquished this to follow the more genial pursuit of art. He devoted himself to landscape painting, practising both in oil and water-colour, and was instrumental in founding the Royal Manchester Institution, from which he gained the Heywood gold medal for the best oil picture, and the silver medal for a ' Landscape by a Manchester Artist.' His time was much occupied in teaching ; but when released from that he studied among the lake scenery of the North of England. His bad health had for some time removed him from notice. He died at Bowness, Westmoreland, Feb. 26, 1852, aged 6&

CAMDEN, Samson, portrait painter. Lived in the Old Bailey, and painted there about 1540. He was the father of William Camden, the antiquarian, who is said to have drawn a portrait of Queen Elizabeth, which is now in the British Museum.

CAMERON, Chaeles, architect. Prac- tised in the latter half of the 18th century. He published, in 1772, a large folio work on the ' Roman Baths,' many of the num- erous illustrations to which were etched by himself. He died at the beginning of the 19th century.

CAMPBELL, Colin, architect. Born in Scotland. He enjoyed much reputation in his day, and was largely employed. He built Wanstead House in 1715 (pulled down in 1822), a work— the front extend- ing 260 feet — which united in a great degree grandeur of design with convemence in arrangement. He also built the Rolls House in Chancery Lane, 1717, and Mere- worth, in Kent— the latter an imitation of Pallaaio ; Drumlanrig Castle, a poor mix- ture of the classic and grotesque ; and several other mansions. He carried out Lord Burlington's designs for the improve- ment of his mansion in Piccadilly, and designed himself the fagade. With Woolf e and Gandon he published, in three large folio volumes, with 30 plates, the ' Vitruvius Britannicus,' a work originally projected by Lord Burlington. He was appointed architect to the Prince of Wales m 1725, and in 1726, surveyor of the works of Greenwich Hospital. He died 1734. His least pretentious designs are the best, his