Page:Dictionary of Artists of the English School (1878).djvu/440

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He died iu Charles Street, Hatton Garden, October 16, 1802, and was buried in St. Andrew's Cnurch. As an artist he painted only five or six historical works. His drawings, however, both in chalk and body colour, are numerous and carefully exe- cuted. His engravings are in the dot and the chalk manner, very tender and spirited, well drawn and expressive. In addition to the ' Pilgrim's Progress ' there are some landscapes after Claude, and some plates after Le Soeur, Cipriani, and Stothard. But by his antiquarian labours his name will always be remembered.

STRUTT, Jacob George, landscape painter. He studied his art in London, and first appears as an exhibitor of por- traits at the Royal Academy in 1822 and 1823. In the following year, and up to 1831, his exhibited works were exclusively forest scenes. Soon after he went to Lausanne, and after residing there some time went to Rome. He sent from thence, in 1845, 'The Ancient Forum/ and in 1851, ' Tasso's Oak, Rome/ and the same year returned to London. He exhibited an * Italian Scene' in 1852, his last con- tribution to the Academy. He published. 1823-25, 'Sylva Britannica,' drawn and etched by himself; also 'Deliciae Sylvarum.'

STUART, James (known as 'Athenian Stuart'), architect. Born of humble pa- rents, (his father a Scotch mariner, in Creed Lane,) London, in 1713. He evinced an early talent for drawing, and a power of attaining knowledge. By painting fans for Goupy, a famous maker, who kept a shop in the Strand, he materially assisted to support his widowed mother and her young family, and found means also to improve himself. He became a correct draftsman, geometrician, mathematician, and to these attainments he added Latin and Greek. These studies led him to architecture. He was of a robust constitution, and gifted with great courage and perseverance. When almost in penury he conceived the idea of visiting Rome and Athens, but he de- layed Iiis journey till he could make some provision for his mother, with a young brother and sister. On their fortunate employment, and his mother's death, he started, with an almost empty pocket, in 1741, for Rome on foot, travelling through Holland and France, but of necessity stopping at Paris and other places to earn money tor the prosecution of his journey.

At Rome he met with Nicholas Revett, with whom his name is indissolubly con- nected, and remained with him there for six or seven years, closely employed in the study of pamting, and during this time they conceived the plan which they jointly made known in 1748, of publishing an au- thentic description of Athens. With this purpose they left Rome in March 1750,

but did not reach Athens till the following March. Stuart had, while on the Con- tinent, made himself a master of the art of fortification, and voluntarily served at this time a campaign as chief engineer, in the army of the Queen of Hungary. Then, returning to Athens, he applied himself closely to the study of Athenian architec- ture, making exact measurements and drawings. In 1753 he left Athens, accom- panied by Revett, and visited Thessalonica, Smyrna, and the Islands of the Archipelago, and returned to London with his companion early in the year 1755, after a laborious expedition of five years. In 1762 he pub- lished, in conjunction with Revett, the first volume of the 'Antiquities of Athens,' a work which will form a memorial of his accuracy, skill, and perseverance. The second volume, which he had completed, was published after his death, in 1789. The drawings were nearly completed for the third and concluding volume, which was published in 1795, edited by Reveley. From 1771 to 1783 he exhibited with the Free Society of Artists, contributing views in water-colours of the ' Ancient Buildings in Athens,' 'Views of Athens,' 'Grecian Antiquities,' and designs, which were mo- delled by Thomas Scheemakers, 'Cupid Unveiling Modesty,' ' Judgment of Pans/ ' The Story of Cyrus,' and some others. In 1780 he was President of the Society.

He practised as an architect, erected several fine mansions in London, was ap- pointed surveyor to Greenwich Hospital, and rebuilt the chapel, after its destruction by fire. His drawings were chiefly made in body colour. He was twice married, first about 1760, to his housekeeper, a good woman, by whom he had one son; and a second time, about 1781, to a young lady by whom he had four children. He died, in Leicester Square, February 2, 1788, and was buried in the vaults of the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. He left a con- siderable fortune, amassed entirely by his own industry. In addition to the acquire- ments already mentioned, he was skilful in engraviug and carviug, and distinguished by his general antiquarian knowledge. • STU BBS, George, A.R.A., animal painter. Was born in 1724, at Liverpool, where his father practised as a surgeon. Little more is known of his early life than that he was an earnest anatomical student, and about 1754 visited Italy, extending his journey as far as Rome. It is probable that he studied there for a time, as Barry, R.A., twice mentions him in his letters from Rome, and speaks in terms of high

E raise of some works he was painting. On is return he settled in London, soon be- came known as a painter and anatomist, devoting himself largely to the dissection of animals. He was patronised as a horse- s b 2 419