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losing his mother, was scarcely able to take care of himself. He was found dead in his lodgings, which were almost destitute of furniture, and it was clear that his death had been hastened by starvation. This happened about 1849.

SCHOLES, Joseph John, architect. Was born in London in 1798, and was edu- cated in a Roman Catholic School. In 1812 he was articled to Mr. Ireland, and in 1822 he travelled to complete his studies in the Levant, Egypt and Svria, making some careful surveys of the holy places. In 1826 he returned to England and commenced practice. He built St. Peter's Church, Great Yarmouth, his first important work, which was followed by several commissions for Roman Catholic churches. Of these the most elaborate is the Church of the Imma- culate Conception in Farm Street, Grosvenor Square. He also built the residence of the Oratory at Brompton. He was honorary secretary and afterwards a vice-president of the Institute of British Architects. He died December 29, 1863.

SCHWANFELDER, Charles Henry, animal painter. He was born at Leeds in 1773, and chiefly practised in his native town. He painted animals, landscapes, and, occasionally, portraits. He was ap- pointed painter of animals to George III., and afterwards to the Prince Regent. He exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1809, and was an occasional exhibitor up to 1826. His works were almost exclusively portraits of dogs and horses. He died in 1837.

SCHWEICKHARDT, Heinrioh Wilhelm, landscape painter. Born at Brandenburgh, supposed of a Dutch family, in 1746. He studied under an Italian, and

Eractised some time in Holland, where he eld -the appointment of Director of the Academy at the Hague, and produced many good works. In consequence of the dis- turbances in Holland he came to London in 1786, and settled here. He painted land- scapes ? marine subjects, and later a few portraits, and was an exhibitor at the Royal Academy from the time of his arrival. He died in Belgrave Place, Pimlico, July 8. 1797. He published in London several etchings, among them * Eight Etchings, of Animals/ dedicated to Benjamin West, P.R.A.

SCO RE, W., portrait painter. He was a native of Devonshire, and about 1778 became a pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds, and yearly, from 1781 to 1794, with one exception, was an exhibitor of portraits at the Royal Academy.

SCOTIN, Louis Gerard, engraver. Born in Paris about 1690, he practised up to the middle of the 18th century. He was Drought over to this country soon after 1733 to assist in the engravings for a trans- lation of Picart's * Religious Ceremonies.' 382-

He engraved, in 1745, two of the original plates of Hogarth's * Marriage a la Mode/ also several plates after Frank Hayman, one of whose boon companions he was.

SCOTT, Edmund, engraver. Born in London, about 1746. Was a pupil of Bar- tolozzi, and worked in the dot manner. He excelled in this style, was much employed, and was appointed engraver to the Duke of York. He engraved the Prince of Wales, after a portrait drawn by himself, and several subjects after George Morland, Stothard, Ramberg. He died about 1810.

SCOTT, John, engraver. Was born, March 12, 1774, at Newcastle-on-Tyne, where his father worked in a brewery, and was apprenticed to a tallow-chandler in that town. Towards the end of his term he began to show an attachment to drawing, which he practised in his leisure hours. He was first employed to engrave the pro- file portraits for Angus's * History of the French Revolution/ published 1796. and gaining confidence, he came to London and was assisted by Pollard, a fellow-townsman, who was then practising as an engraver, ana who gave him such gratuitous instruction as enabled him to gain employment. After working some time for his master he pro- duced his * Breaking Cover/ and 'The Death of the Fox/ which, by their ability, gained him the Society of Arts' gold medal, and made him known to the publishers. Afterwards he was engaged upon * The Fine Arts of the English School/ 1812 ; Brit- ton's * Cathedral Antiquities,' 1820 ; * The Sportsman's Cabinet/ * A series of Horses and Dogs/ and Daniel's ' Rural Sports.' He particularly distinguished himself as an en- graver of animals. Their character and action was well rendered, and the character of their fur or skin seized with great truth. He suffered a paralytic stroke in 1821, and fell into difficulties, but a subscription was raised for him, and he was for a while en- abled to resume his work ; but he again fell ill and eventually lost his reason. He died at Chelsea, early in March 1828, aged 54. is said to have been born in London about 1710, but little information exists of his early life. He was one of the boon com- panions of Hogarth and his friends, and one of the jovial water-party to Gravesend in 1732. He drew well, and his works were well coloured. He was one of the early draftsmen in water colours, but his chief works are in oil. He gained a great repu- tation for his sea-pieces, and for his topo- graphical views, which are filled with croups of figures, well drawn and painted ; but his works are not much esteemed in the present day. He exhibited at the Spring Gardens' Rooms in 176L and in 1771 at the Royal Academy, * A V iew of the Tower of London on the King's Birthday/ He was then living
 * SCOTT, Samuel, marine painter. He