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menced business, which he carried on for five years. On the death of his father in 1806 he was appointed to succeed him as master of the St. Andrew's Grammar School, and then first directed his atten- tion, in his spare time, to drawing, and at the end of seven years gave up his school to devote himself wholly to art. He prac- tised both in oil and water-colours. His first picture of any importance was a view of Newcastle from Gateshead Fell, which was purchased by the corporation of that town. This was followed by many land- scapes and marine views in the neighbour- hood. He was an occasional exhibitor at the Royal Academy from 1814, when he sent a 'View of the Old Fishmarket of Newcastle/ and in 1822 a ' View of Edin- burgh Castle from the Grass-Market,' and after a long intermission, from 1841 to 1845, was a yearly exhibitor of river views in the north. He also exhibited at the British Institution, and later at the New Water-Colour Society, of which he was a member. In 1816 lie commenced, with a partner, an illustrated work in aqua-tint, of the scenery about Newcastle, but only a few numbers were issued; and in 1833, in conjunction with his brother, he began a work in mezzo-tint, engraved entirely by himself — ' The Castles of the English and Scottish Borders/ but this work was not completed. He died March 7, 1848, leav- ing a widow and large family. His eldest surviving son is a member of the Old Water-Colour Society. His landscapes were painted in a bold and original manner. He excelled in sunset effects, and enjoyed a good repute in his profession.

RICHARDSON, Charles James, archi- tect. He was a pupil of Sir John Soane, and first appears as an exhibitor at the Academy in 1837, from which time he con- tinued an occasional contributor. His ex- hibited works were chiefly of a decorative character, designs for Elizabethan ceilings, and other interior fittings. He built a mansion for the Earl of Harrington in Queen's Road, Kensington, and a group of five houses at Queen's Gate, in that neigh- bourhood. He was much employed in the literature of his art, and the author of many illustrated works — Architectural Remains of Elizabeth and James I.,' 1840; Popular Treatise on Warming and Ventila- tion,' 1856; ' The Englishman's House, from a Cottage to a Mansion,' 2nd edition, 1871; * Cottage Architecture,' 'Village Architecture.' * Old Title Pages,' and some others. He died at Kensington, November 20, 1871, aged 65.
 * Studies of Ornamental Design,' 1848; 4 A

RICHARDSON, Edward^ sculptor.' He first appears as an exhibitor at the Royal Academy in 1836. and in that and the following years contributed classic works

of much pretension. Then his contribu- tions were chiefly busts, and in his later years monumental works, mostly in relief. He restored the effigies of the Knights Templars in the Temple Church, and the recumbent effigy of the Earl of Powis, at Welshpool. He was an active member of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society. He died in July, 1869, aged 57.

RICHMOND, Thomas, miniaturepaint- er. He was born at Kew in 1771, and was a pupil of George Engleheart. and a student at the St. Martin's Lane Academy. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1795, was well known in his day. and was for many years an occasional exhibitor. His works were well drawn and finished, but formal and stiff in character. He died in London in 1837. Mr. Richmond, R.A,, is his son.

RICHTER, Christian, portrait paint- er. Was the son of a silversmith at Stock- holm, and came to England in 1702. He Eainted in oil, studying the works of Dahl, ut he is best known by his miniatures. Later in life he applied himself to enamel painting, but did not live to attain much proficiency. He died in November 1732, at the age of- 50. He had a brother a medallist, several of whose medals, modelled from the life, were produced in silver.

RICHTER, Henry J., water-colour painter. He was of German extraction. He practised in London, and was, as early as 1788, an exhibitor at the Royal Aca- demy of two landscapes, and continued for many years a fitful contributor. In 1813 he was elected a member of the Water- Colour Society, but was a small and uncer- tain contributor to its exhibitions, and no less uncertain in his connexion with the Society, On the change which took place in its constitution in the year of his election he appears to have resigned his member- ship. Next year, and up to 1820, he was connected with the Society as an * exhi- bitor' only. In 1821 he again became a member, but did not exhibit in that or the following year, and in 1823 he appears in the new class of * Associate Exhibitors.' In 1826 he is again a member, and in 1828 an associate exhibitor. In 1829, once more elected a member, he continued in that rank, and contributed his works to the ex- hibitions till his death. He painted exclu- sively figure subjects, chiefly domestic and well chosen, and popular in character. Some of his subjects are from Shakespeare. bited at the British Institution in 1813, was
 * Christ giving Sight to the Blind,' exhi-

bited at the Academy in 1827, and others of his works, have been engraved. He was

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