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Academy exhibitions. His works were almost exclusively portraits ; but between 1845 and 1849 he tried some sacred sub- jects. He was for several years the secre- tary to the Artists' General Benevolent Institution. He acquired some repute as a portrait painter, but died suddenly, De- cember 5, 1868, aged 48.

PHILLIPS, Giles Firman, landscape painter. He painted almost exclusively river scenes, introducing vessels, and these, with hardly any exception, views on the Thames, and in water-colours. He was an exhibitor at the Royal Academy from 1836, when he was residing at Greenwich, to 1858. He published in 1838 'The Theory and Practice of Painting in Water-Colours,' and since, other works connected with his art He died March 31, 1867, aged 87.

PHILLIPS, S., engraver. Practised in London about the end. of the 18th century. He engraved ' The Birth of Shakespeare,' after Westall, and ' The Guardian Angel/ after Maria Oosway.

PIC ART, Ch aeles, engraver and drafts- man. Born about 1780, practised in Lon- don. He engraved several dramatic por- traits after Clint and Wivell, and some of the illustrations for the ' Description of the Ancient Marbles in the British Museum.' He executed some of the plates for Dr. Dibdin's work and for Lodge's portraits. He died about 1837.

PICKEN, Andrew, lithographic drafts- man. Was the son of an author. Born 1815. When of sufficient age he was placed under Louis Haghe to learn the art of lithography. He distinguished himself by his landscape and other illustrations, and in 1835 exhibited at the Academy a ' Tomb in Narbonne Cathedral.' He had long suffered from delicate health from the rupture of a blood vessel, and in 1837 was sent by his physician to Madeira. During a two years' residence in the island, he devoted himself to art, and made a series of drawings which he afterwards published under the title of 'Madeira Illustrated,' a work of great truth and skill. Re- turning to England in 1840, his failing health compelled a second voyage to Madeira ; but his disease gained ground, and he came back to London, where he died June 24, 1845, in his 30th year. His short life had been chiefly devoted to litho- graphy, and his productions maintain a high rank in that art.

PICKERING, Henry, portrait painter. Practised in the first half of the 18th cen- tury. His portraits are after the allegorical manner of Kneller. Faber engraved a ' Shepherdess ' after him, a portrait of that class.

PICKERSGILL, Henry William, R. A., portrait painter. Was born in Lon- 332

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don, December 3, 1782. He was adopted early in life by a connexion, a Mr. Hall, who sent him to school at Poplar, and in- tended him for his own business, that of a silk manufacturer. This business having declined in consequence of the French war, he was led to the study of art. He became a pupil of George Arnald, A.R.A., and was admitted as a student of the Royal Aca- demy in 1805. When he first began to paint, he exhibited historical and mytho- logical subjects, but he soon devoted him- self to portraiture. He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1822, and a full member in 1826. In 1856 he succeeded J. Uwins, R.A., as Librarian to the Royal Academy, which office he held many years. His portraits are generally satisfactory as likenesses, though they are not very distinguished for their artistic qualities. After the death of T. Phillips, ft. A., he became the fashionable portrait painter of the day, and painted likenesses of nearly all the celebrated people of the time. Many of his best portraits are in the college halls of Oxford. His portraits of Wordsworth in the National Portrait Gallery, and of Mr. Vernon in the National Gallery, are good specimens of his style. He also painted a very fair full-length portrait of the Hill, and many portraits for Sir Robert Peel's collection at Drayton. He exhi- bited every year at the Royal Academy, portraits and other works, till 1872. He placed himself upon the retired Academi- cians list in 1873, and died at Barnes, April 21, 1875, aged 93.
 * Duke of Wellington ' for General Lord

PICKERSGILL, Hbnry Hall, sub- ject and portrait painter. Eldest son of the above. He studied in the Netherlands making careful studies of the old masters, and afterwards visited the art cities of Italy. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy, in 1834, 'The Troubadours ; ' in 1837, ' Holy Water ; ' the following year, ' Charity ; ' and continued to exhibit works of this class. He was then induced to visit St Peters- burg, and on his return, after two years spent there, he exhibited, in 1846, ' Fisher- men of Rebatzky on the Neva*/ and in 1847, ' A Ferry on the Neva.' Returning to his earlier subjects he exhibited, in 1848, ' The Right of Sanctuary j' in 1851, ' Cupid and Psyche/ and ' The Finding of Moses ;* in 1852, ' Romeo and Juliet/ Soon after he found his chief employment as a portrait painter, practising almost exclusively in Manchester and Wolverhampton, and in the adjacent counties, Shropshire and Herefordshire, from 1855 to 1860, exhibit- ing only portraits. He died January 7, 1861.

PICKFORD, J., architect. He built Sandon, in Staffordshire, a mansion of plain, simply-proportioned elevation, about 1770,