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poration to the artists of Ireland, and one of the members of that body when incor- porated in 1823, and became the keeper of the Institution in 1841. His works were well esteemed in Dublin, but he does not appear to have exhibited in London. He eaited the * Life of James Gandon. Archi- tect/ and died, about 1845-46, before the entire completion of this work.

MULVANY, George F.. R.H.A., sub- ject painter. Son of the foregoing. He was born in Dublin in 1809. He studied in the schools of the academy there, and afterwards in Italy. In 1832 he was elected an associate of the Royal Hibernian Academy, and succeeded as keeper on his father's death. He was greatly instru- mental in the foundation of the National Gallery in Dublin, of which he afterwards became the director. He sent to the Royal Academy, London, in 1836, an * Infant Bacchus ; ' and in 1839, ' Various Attrac- tions, a Scene in the Louvre.' Among his works may be mentioned his ' White Man cast upon the Red Man's Shore/ 'First Love,' 'The Peasant's Grave.' He died in Dublin, February 6, 1869.

MUNN, Paul Sandby, water-colour painter. His name first appears as an exhibitor at the Royal Academy, in 1798, of views in the Isle of Wight. He was then living at Greenwich, ana continued to exhibit Welsh and other views up to 1805. when he became an associate exhibitor of the Water-Colour Society ; and from that time to 1813 exhibited' with that body views, chiefly in the North of England, and once again, in 1815. when the Society was open to the whole profession. His works, partaking of the early manner, are clever, but weak. Some of them have been en- graved. He died at Margate, February 11, 1845, aged 72. James Munn, probably a relative, exhibited with both the Incor-. porated and the Free Society landscape drawings, 1767-73.

MUNRO, Alexander, sculptor. He was born in 1825, in Inverness, where he early made himself known by his abilities, and with a friendly introduction he came to London in 1848, and was employed on the stone carving for the Houses of Parlia- ment. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy, in 1849, some busts ; and con- tinuing to exhibit from that time, his chief work was portrait sculpture, busts, medal- lions, and occasionally a group. In 1852 he exhibited ' Paolo and Francesca,' a marble group; and in 1853, a portrait-group of children, which was greatly praised. For the houses of Parliament he executed a statue of Queen Mary ; for Birmingham, a colossal statue of Watt; and a nymph, serving as a fountain, in Berkeley Square, is by him. For many years his constitution, Which was always weak, was quietly failing,

and without giving up his London studio, "he resided much at Cannes, where he had built himself a studio, and died there on January 1, 1871. Of true genius and feel- ing, his works are graceful and spirited, but are sketchy in their execution.

MUNTZ, J. H., landscape painter. He was much employed by Lord Orford. He exhibited at Spring Gardens, in 1762, a landscape painted in encaustic ; and pub- lished, 1760, a small volume describing the process ? which he claimed as his invention. But neither his process nor his drawings, of which there were several in the Strawberry Hill collection, had much merit. He ex- hibited in 1763 for the last time. Little is known of him, but he is said to have married a servant of Lord Orford's, and to have left his lordship abruptly.

MURPHY, D. B., miniature painter. An artist of some note, who lived in Dublin at the end of the 18th century, and who subsequently held the appointment of painter in ordinary to the Princess Char- lotte. By her orders he copied Lel^s 'Windsor Beauties' (now at the South Kensington Museum), which were after- wards engraved from his copies. From 1800 to 1827 he was an occasional exhi- bitor, at the Royal Academy, of miniatures on ivory and in enamel, but they were not of a high class. He was the father of Mrs. Jameson, the well-known writer on art.

MURPHY. G., portrait painter. There is by him in the National Portrait Gallery a portrait of Plunket, archbishop of Ar- magh, who was executed 1081. Bromley catalogues portraits by him painted about that time.

MURPHY ? John, engraver and drafts- man. Born m Ireland about 1748. He practised in London, both in the dot manner and in mezzo-tint, and had the reputation of an able artist. Towards the end of the century he executed a number of plates in mezzo-tint, good impressions of which are prized by collectors. He engraved after the old masters, also after Northcote, and some portraits after Reynolds and Romney. In 1787 he finished a plate of ' The Royal Family ' after Stothara, R.A. His works are well drawn, light and shade good, general effect of his best plates brilliant.

MURPHY, James Cavanagh, archi- tect. Was born at Blackrock, near Cork, and was originally a bricklayer. He showed a talent for drawing, and made his way to Dublin, and afterwards to Portugal, and later held some diplomatic office from that country to Spain. He pursued his art study in Spain, and published two works on the buildings, arts, and antiquities of that kingdom, 1789-90. He also made plans, elevations, and sections of the Portuguese church and monastery of Batalha, which he published in London, 1792-96. He died

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