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ber 18, 1818, and early showed a wish to become a painter. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy at the age of 18, and was constantly represented upon its walls until his death. At 21 he gained the silver medal for an oil-painting, awarded by the Society of Arts. At the beginning of his career he painted several portraits. His works are well known in Manchester and Liverpool. He died in Kensington, April 2, 1878, aged 59.

MARSHALL, William, engraver. His early works date in the reign of James I., and he appears to have practised for 50 years. His works are very numerous ; they are chiefly portraits, many of them of great interest from the persons represented, and are probably executed by him from the life ; among these is a portrait of Milton at the age of 21. They are stiff and poor in style. The dates of his works range from 1591 to 1646.

MARSHALL, William, engraver and dealer in art. He edited in 1771 Des-

fodet's fine work, * The Ancient Edifices of Lome.'

MARSHALL, Peter. He practised as an artist, and is remembered as the inventor of the peristrephic panorama. He died in Edinburgh, January 27, 1826, aged 64.

MARTEN, John, water-colour painter. He practised about the end of the last century and the beginning of the present. He exhibited at the Royal Academy, in 1794, *A view of St. Augustine's Mon- astery/ and in 1808 was again an exhibitor. He lived at Canterbury. His drawings possess some merit. Marten, R. H., practised in water-colours about the same time.

MARTIN, David, portrait painter and engraver. Born at Anstruther, Fife, in 1736, was pupil of Allan Ramsay, and when very young went with him to Rome. On his return he studied in the St. Martin's Lane Academy, and gained premiums for his drawing from the life. He was a mem- ber of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and in 1 773 the Society's treasurer. About 1775 he was in Edinburgh, and had the chief practice in that city. He was ap- pointed principal painter to the Prince of Wales for Scotland, and was held in repute. He practised also as an engraver, and scraped some mezzo-tint plates, among them a good portrait of Roubiliac, the sculptor ; and from his own painting, a full- length of Lord Mansfield. He married a lady of some property, was living in 1779 in Dean Street, Soho, and resided there some years. On her sudden death he re- tired to Edinburgh, where he died in 1798. landscape painter. Was born in Sweden about 1740, and having gained some skill
 * MARTIN, Elias, A.R.A., subject and

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in drawing, he travelled to improve him* self. He was in England in 1769. In that year he gained admission to the schools of the Academy, and also con- tributed to the exhibition a *View of Westminster Bridge, with the King of Denmark's Procession/ and a water-colour view in Sweden. In 1770 he was elected an associate of the Academy. He painted portraits, several of which are engraved in mezzo-tint, subjects and landscapes, and practised both in oil and water-colours. He has also been styled an engraver, in support of which it appears from the cata- logue that he exhibited at the Academy in 1773, 'The tender Mother educating her Daughter from her Birth to her Marriage/ six prints in imitation of red chalk. After having passed 14 years in England, he is said to have returned to Stockholm in 1780 ? on the invitation of the King, who appointed him his Court painter. His contributions to the Academy cease in that year. But he appears again, and for the last time an exhibitor, in 1790, when he gave his address at Bath, and sent eight pictures, chiefly subjects. His reputation is founded on his early works ; he Decame, later, vain and careless. He died in 1804, but nis name was not removed from the list of associates till 1832. His brother, Johann Friedrioh Martin, an engraver, passed 10 years in London, and then re- turned to Stockholm. He engraved after his brother, in 1787, a 'Group of Elias Martin and his Family.'

MARTIN, F. B., engraver. Practised in the second half of the 18th century. There is by him a portrait of Maria Cos- way, after Cosway, R.A., and of Sophia Western, after Hoppner, R.A. •MARTIN, John, landscape painter. Was born at Haydon Bridge, near Hex- ham, July 19, 1789. Having a taste for drawing, he was intended for a herald painter ; and he says of himself ' he began as a coach painter, then as a china painter/ After running away from coach painting, he was placed by his father under an Italian at Newcastle (the father of Charles Muss, the well-known enamel and minia- ture painter), and, a few months after, came to London in September 1806. He supported himself for a time by painting on china and glass and by teaching, ana meanwhile he was a diligent student of perspective and architecture. At 19 years of age he married, and necessitated to work and ambitious for fame, he produced, in 1812, his first picture, ' Sadak in search of the Waters of Oblivion/ which at once found a purchaser; followed in 1813 by ' Adam's first Sight of Eve ; ' and in 1814, by his ' Clytie.'

The exhibition of this last picture, which he thought inadequately hung, was the

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