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and a marble statue of William Pitt and of the Earl of Chatham. He continued to exhibit, but for the latter years chiefly busts, up to 1869, and, having completed his ' Europe ' for the Albert Memorial, had just accepted the position of retired academician when he died in London, December 9. 1870. His works are carefully studied ana mas- terly in execution, graceful in their form and composition, his female forms full of delicacy and beauty. His busts were sim- ple in their design and truthful in their portraiture.

MACDUFF, Archibald, amateur. Born in England about 1750. There are by him some drawings, and plates produced by the union of etching and aqua-tint, but he is supposed to have worked only as an amateur. Of his etchings there are, after Barry, R.A., 'The Temptation of Adam/ ' Job and his Friends,' 'The Birth of Venus,' ' King Lear/ dated in 1776 and 1777, and a ' Holy Family/ after Raphael.

MoIAN, Robert Roland, A.R.S.A., subject painter. Was born in Scotland in 1803, of an ancient Highland race. His early life was passed on the stage, and after having been for some years a member of the Bath and Bristol company, he appeared in London in 'Rob Roy/ and gamed a reputation for his clever performance of the ' Dougal Creature.' But he was culti- vating a love for the arts, and during his engagement at the English Opera House he was, in 1835 and 1837, an exhibitor at Suffolk Street ; and in 1836 and 1838 at the Academy. In 1839 and 1840, when engaged at Drury Lane, he exhibited a ' Highland Cateran ' and the ' Covenanter's Wedding.' About this time he retired from the stage to try his fortune in art, and painted, 1842, ' Harold the Dauntless ; ' 1843. ' Highlander defending a Pass/ 'The Battle of Culloden/ 'An Encounter in Upper Canada/ and other works, treated with great earnestness and vigour, and founded almost exclusively on incidents of Highland courage and character. He died at Hampstead, December 13, 1856, in his 54th year, and was buried in the cemetery at Highgate. His widow, an artist, was for many years mistress m the Govern- ment School of Design.

MACKENZIE, Alexander Macdonal, architect. Was for more than 30 years architect to the city of Perth, and designed and executed many churches, public build- ings and mansions. He died near Perth, February 15, 1856.

MACKENZIE, Frederick, water- colour painter. Was a pupil of John A. Repton, and became distinguished by his careful drawings of our ancient edifices, in which the architecture and perspective are well understood. He exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1804_and 1809, and with the

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Water-Colour Society in 1820, and was elected an associate exhibitor in 1822, when he contributed 'The Coronation of George IV. in Westminster Abbey.' In 1823 he was chosen a member of the Society, and in 1835 the treasurer. He continued an exhibitor till his death. His contributions were usually only one or two each year; his subjects the interiors of cathedrals and ancient churches, which had almost entirely their inspiration from the Gothic ecclesiastical edifices. He published. 181*2, ' Etchings of Landscapes, intended as progressive lessons for students ; * Speci- mens of Gothic Architecture,' 1825, selected from the ancient buildings at Oxford ; and in 1844, ' Architectural Antiquities of St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster.' He made all the drawings for Britton's •Salisbury Cathedral.' He died April 25, 1854, aged 67, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. MACKENZIE, Samuel, R.S. A-. portrait painter. He was a native of Cromarty, North Britain, and commenced life as a stone carver. Coming to Edinburgh, he was struck with the works of Sir Henry Rae- burn, and was inspired with the desire £o be himself a portrait painter ; and devoting himself zealously to art he succeeded, and gaining a reputation, was in 1830 chosen a member of the newly-formed Royal Scottish Academy. His female heads, though deficient in force, were generally very successful, and his art popular. He died in 1847. aged 62.

MoKE W AN, David Hall, water-colour painter. He was an occasional exhibitor of drawings at the Royal Academy from 1837 to 1849, and at Suffolk Street from 1840 to 1844. In 1848 he was elected a member of the Institute of Painters in Water-Colours, and from that time exhi- bited with this society, being always a large contributor. He died m his 56th year, August 2, 1873. He published ' Lessons on Trees in Water-Colours.'

MACKLIN, Thomas, engraver. He undertook in 1793 the publication of Bun- bury*s '. Shakespeare,' illustrated by 48 plates, for which Bunbury made the draw- ings. He engraved 'reace and War,' after Guercino, in 1779, and some other plates.

MACLEAN, Alexander, subject paint- er. First exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1872. In 1874, his picture of * Covent Garden Market, 1873,' attracted great attention, and this success he followed up by contributing * Looking Back,' in 1876 ; and 'At the Railings. Covent Garden/ 1877. His health had been failing for some time, and he died at St. Leonard's- on-Sea, October 30, 1877. He was a very promising young painter.

MACLEOD, John, animal painter. He

practised in Edinburgh, and painted with