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sisters, to whom he had communicated his processes.

MoARDELL, J kULE&fmezzo-tint engrav- er. Was horn about 1710, in Dublin, and apprenticed in that city to John Brooks. At the age of 17 he came with his master to London. He attained great excellence in his art, and has left numerous fine works from his hand. His portraits are admir- able for expression, accuracy, and force. He engraved many after Reynolds, with whom he was a great favourite : also after Hogarth, Hudson, Zoffany, and Cotes, R.A. Reynolds, whose fame has been so widely spread by his works, is said to have ex- claimed that he should be immortalised by him. His historical works, after Rubens, Vandyck, Rembrandt, Murillo, and others of the great masters, are admirable. He was also a publisher, a jolly companion at the artists clubs, and well known in the green-room; a sworn brother of Quin, whom he painted in the character of Falstaflj and engraved after his own paint- ing. He died m London, June 2, 1765, and was buried at Hampstead. • MoQJILiOiltL,HoBATio,R.S.A.,^nd- scape painter. Was born in November 1806, at Glasgow, where his father was a weaver. He managed to gain a good edu- cation, and was instructed in art by a painter settled in his native city, in the neighbourhood of which he painted for some time. When in his 20th year he was first au exhibitor, and continuing the successful practice of his landscape studies, he was in 1834 elected an associate, and in 1838 a member, of the Scottish Academy, where he was a constant exhibitor. He only appears to have exhibited at the Royal Academy in London, where his art was too little known, in the year 1844, when he con- tributed two of his native landscape scenes. He devoted his art to the fine scenery of his own country, and painted with great brilliancy, freshness, andtmth its character- istic lochs, forests, and mountainous wilds, with their mists and poetic effects of light and shadow, spring and autumn. For the last 20 years of his life he resided in Edin- burgh, and died there June 24, 1867.

MACDONALD. Lawrence, sculptor. Was born in Perth in 1799, and went to Rome in 1822. He was with Gibson, East- lake, Penry- Williams, Severn, Bonomi, etc., one of the founders of the British Academy of Arts in Rome in 1823, and was a trustee of the Institution at th$ time of his death. He devoted his time principally to portrait busts, and during the fifty years that he was in Rome produced a very large number of works. H e contributed a very fine statue, ' Ulysses and his Dog/ to the Paris Exhi- bition of 1855, which is now the property of Lord Kilmorey. He first exhibited at the Roval Academy, in 1828, a marble bust 280

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of ' Sir David Baird,' and from that time till 1855, when he contributed three busts, was a constant exhibitor. In 1835 he sent a marble statue of ( A Girl and Carrier Pigeon;' in 1837, 'Female Suppliant,' also a statue, besides portraits : in 1840, * Lord Crewe ;' in 1844, * Marble Group ;' in 1849, 'Eursrdice ; ' in 1853, 'Lady Pakenhara.' He died in Rome, March 4, 1878, in his 79th year.

MoDOWELL, Patrick, R. A., sculptor. He was born August 12, 1799, the son of a tradesman at Belfast, who died while he was an infant, leaving his family with very limited means. His schoolmaster had been an engraver, and encouraged his love for drawing. When about 12 years old, his mother came to England, and he was placed for two years under a schoolmaster in Hampshire. He was then apprenticed to a coachmaker in London, and his master becoming bankrupt at the end of four years, his indentures were cancelled. He found lodgings in the house of Peter Chenu, a well-known sculptor, and in his leisure hours strove to acquire a knowledge of the art, and was fortunate in selling some reduced copies which he made. He exhibited at the Royal Academy, in 1822, a posthumous bust, and in 1826 six busts and a model for a monument, and in the three following years was an exhibitor, sending in 1829 a • Bacchus.'

He had thus, self-taught, found himself a profession, and in 1830 was admitted a student in the Academy Schools* He con- tinued to get employment upon busts, but his first ideal work which gained notice was from Moore's * Loves of the Angels,' and found a purchaser in a fellow townsman at Belfast. In 1837 his ' Statue of a Girl reading,' which was greatly adniired, was also purchased by a gentleman who became a liberal patron, for whom, in 1840, he finished another work ? ' Girl going to Bathe,' which he exhibited in that year; in the next year ' Prayer ; ' and in 1841 he gained his election as an associate of the Academy. In 1842 he exhibited ' Cupid' and his 'Girl

foing to Bathe ' in marble. In 1844, 'Love 'riumphant,' a marble group. In 1846 he completed ajmonumental statue of Viscount Exmouth for Greenwich Hospital, and was elected a full member of the Academy.

Continuing to exhibit a bust from time to time, he sent, in 1847, ' Early Sorrow,' a marble statue, and 'Yirginius and his Daughter,' an important work, which he executed in marble in 1850. In 1849 he exhibited ' Cupid and Psyche ' in basso- relievo, and an • Eve ; ' in 1853, ' The Day Dream ; ' in 1856, a fine statue in bronze of the Earl of Belfast; and in 1858, a bronze figure of Viscount Fitzgibbon, for the city of Limerick. He executed also for the palace at Westminster some bronze statues