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life he was employed chiefly in ornamental engraving of a mechanical character. He died at Newcastle, September 28, 1855, aged 74.

LAMBORNE, Peteb Spendelowe, engraver and miniature painter. Born in London 1722. He practised at Cam- bridge about the middle of the century, and was employed in drawing and engraving architectural and other antiquities. He also painted miniatures and etched por- traits. He etched a head of Cromwell after Samuel Cooper, and of Dr. Johnson from his own drawing. He engraved many of the plates for Bentham's * History of Ely Cathedral/ printed at the Cambridge University Press in 1 77 1. His architectural drawings and views are elaborately careful, washed: in with Indian ink, and tinted. He was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1766. He died at Cambridge in November 1774.

LANCASTER, Hume, marine painter. He exhibited at trie Academy in 1836, and about the same time with the Society of British Artists, of which body he was elected a member in 1841. He continued to ex- hibit with both Institutions up to 1849, contributing scenes chiefly on the French and Dutch coasts, with some landscapes in Normandy, and views on the Scheldt. His abilities were checked by his domestic troubles, which were a bar to his progress in art He had lived for some time at Erith, Kent, and died there July 3, 1850. • LANCE, George, still-life painter. He was born at Little Easton, near Col- chester, March 24, 1802. His father was then adjutant of the Essex Yeomanry, and afterwards for many years an inspector of the Bow Street horse patrol. He was in- tended for manufacture, and was placed with a relative at Leeds, but he disliked his occupation, and came to London, where he tried art, and became the pupil of B. R. Haydon and a student of the Royal Aca- demy. He first exhibited with the Society of British Artists in 1824 — * The Mis- chievous Boy' and two fruit-pieces. In 1828 he sent his first work, * Still-life/ to the Academy, but did not exhibit there again till 1835, in the interim exhibiting, in 1830 and 1831, with the Society of British Artists. Continuing to paint still- life, in 1839* he also sent to the Academy ' Rolando showing Gil Bias the Treasures of the Cave; ' but in this and some suc- ceeding subject pictures the motive was found in the rich accessories to which they lent themselves. Soon after 1845 he re- turned exclusively to still-life, exhibiting principally fruit, and for the last time in 1862. His imitation of fruit, flowers, with the varied accessories of plate and rich textures, was excellent, as was the skill with which they were grouped. His feel- 256

ing for colour was good, but rather gay. He died at Sunnyside, near Birkenhead, June 18, 1864.

LANDE LLS, Ebenezer, wood-engraver. Born at Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1808, where his family carried on a draper's business. He was a pupil of Bewick. Came to Lon- don when 21 years of age, and was em- ployed in the illustration of several of the periodical publications. He was connected with * Punch' from its origin. In 1842 he was commissioned to sketch and engrave the Queen's visit to Scotland for the ' Illustrated London News,' and afterwards several of her Majesty's visits, both at home and on the Continent. He origin- ated the 'Illuminated Magazine.' He worked in a broad, clever manner, but wanted delicacy and refinement both in his line and his drawing. He died at Brompton, September 1, 1860, aged 51.

LAN DELLS, Robert Thomas, illus- trator and designer. Was for many years the special artist of the ' Illustrated Lon- don News,' and in this capacity was present in all the recent campaigns, from the Cri- mean War to the Franco-German War. In this latter he contracted the illness which caused his death. He received four medals from foreign governments in recog- nition of his services and courage, and his war-sketches were much esteemed. The Queen has several commemorative drawings by him. He died at Chelsea, July 5, 1877, aged 43.

LANDSEER, John, A.E., engraver. Was born at Lincoln in 1769, the son of a jeweller. Was apprenticed to William Byrne, the landscape engraver, and, through him, was connected by pupilage with a long line of eminent engravers. Among his first works were his vignettes after De Louther- bourg for Macklin's * Bible ' and Bowyer'g ' History of England,' which were of great merit. In 1795 he engraved 20 views of the South of Scotland. He was an active supporter of his profession by his pen also; and in 1806 lectured at the Royal Institu- tion upon engraving, and asserted the high position of the art. An opponent of the feoyal Academy, on the ground of the ex- clusion of the engravers, he was, in 1806, elected an associate engraver, but did not cease to complain of the unfair position in which the engravers were placed by being deemed ineligible for the full membership, and he never ceased to agitate upon this question; and since his death this honour has been conceded to them. He com- menced a ' Periodical Review of the Fine Arts,' which lived only to the second volume, and at a later period he published * The Probe,' a weekly periodical, m which the artists were sharply handled, but it did not continue above half a year. He engraved in a large, bold manner,