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or, Yorkshire Magazine/ which was pub- lished by his father. He then devoted himself to the pursuit of art, and becoming known, he connected himself with Mr. Parker, of Oxford, in his architectural publi- cations, producing the illustrations for the 'Memorials of Oxford/ the first editions of the 'Glossary of Architecture/ 'Domestic Architecture of England/ and some other works. In 1838 he removed to Oxford, and gaining a name by his architectural engravings, was employed upon Murray's 4 Cathedrals/ Scott's ' Westminster Abbey/ Street's works on Spain and on Venice, and many other publications of the same class. He was a good naturalist, and illustrated Harvey's 'Sea Weeds/ Ben- tham's ' British Flora/ Reeve's ' Land and Fresh-water Mollusks/ and in the latter drew many of the specimens himself from nature. He died at Camden Town, May 30, 1869.

JOHNS, Ambrose Bowden, landscape painter. Was born at Plymouth in 1776, and was apprenticed there, as a bookseller, to the father of B. R. Haydon. He with- drew from that business early in life, to seek success in the neighbourhood as a landscape painter, residing there, and but little known beyond the locality. His works possessed some originality, both in their composition and treatment. He was an exhibitor at the Royal Academy in 1822, when he contributed 'Evening, Pirates landing their Cargo and a Female Captive/ and exhibited views in the neighbourhood of Plymouth in 1828, 1836, and 1838. Some of his landscapes are in Lord Morley's collection at Saltram, and in several other Devonshire mansions. He died at Ply- mouth, December 10, 1858.

JOHNSON, C, engraver. He was one of the few who early practised the art in England. His works, which are chiefly

Eortraits, have little merit. There is by im a head of the queen of James I. JOHNSON, Gerard, modeller. A Hollander, who lived in the parish of St. Thomas the Apostle, London, and is stated, in Dugdale's 'Diary/ to have made the monumental bust and tomb of Shakespeare at Stratford-upon-Avon.

JOHNSON, Isaao, antiquarian drafts- man. Was a resident at Woodbridge, and Sractised as a surveyor. He made many rawings of antiquities, which were es- teemed for their fidelity, and between the years 1799 and 1816 drew nearly every church in the county. Some of his drawings are engraved in Gough's 'Monumental Antiquities ' and in Loder's ' History of Framlingham. ,

JOHNSON, James, engraver. Prac- tised in London about the middle of the 18th century. His works, both portrait ami history, are chiefly in mezzo-tint. He 240

engraved after Coreggio, Le Brun, Rubens and others.

JOHNSON, John, architect Born at Leicester in 1754. He left his native town early in life, and by his strong natural abilities made himself known in his pro- fession. He was for 26 years architect and surveyor to the county of Essex. He built, at Chelmsford, in 1787, the handsome one- arch stone bridge, and in 1792 the county- hall. He enlarged and improved the county prison, and in 1806 built the new house of correction. He died in 1814, aged 60.

JOHNSON, John, wood-engraver. Was a pupil of Bewick. He showed much taste for drawing, but died at Newcastle about 1797, shortly after the termination of his apprenticeship. A few of the tail-pieces to the ' British Birds ' are by him. He was cousin of the following Robert Johnson.

JOHNSON, Lawrence, engraver. Prac- tised at the beginning of the 17th century. Engraved the heads for ' The General His- tory of the Turks/ 1603. He worked entirely with the graver, but was without merit.

JOHNSON, Martin, medallist. Prac- tised in the first half of the 17th century. He began art as a painter of English views, and his works showed much taste, freedom of execution, and colour. He then turned medallist, and was an assistant and a worthy rival of Simon. He died about the begin- ning of James II.'s reign. Evelyn men- tions him in his * Sculptura' as excelling in medals and intaglios.

JOHNSON, Robert, painter and en- graver. Was born at Shotley, a village in Northumberland, in 1770, and was appren- ticed to Bewick as a copper-plate engraver. He was led aside from this laborious art, in which he did not excel, by his love of sketching from nature in water-colours. During his apprenticeship he made, in water- colours, with admirable finish, the designs for some of the tail-pieces in Bewick's ' Water Birds,' and for most of the wood- cuts in his ' Fables.' Some of these were copied on the block by William Harvey, the rest by Bewick himself. A number of the original drawings were purchased by the Earl of Bute. On the completion of his apprenticeship, he left his work on copper, and devoted himself to water-colour draw- ing. In 1796 he was employed to copy the portraits by Jamesone at Taymouth Castle ; and neglecting a severe cold caught there, it terminated in fever, under which his delicate constitution sank, and he died at Kenmore, Perthshire, October 26, 1796, in his 26th year.

JOHNSON, Thomas, architect. Was born at Stone, Staffordshire, December 24. 1794. He bad a talent for drawing, ana after an apprenticeship in Lichfield, he came