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retirement from his profession, August 29, 1799.

JARVIS, John, glass painter. Born at Dublin about 1749. He was engaged with the foregoing Thomas Jarvis in most of his works, and was probably his brother. He commenced his art in Dublin, where he was assisted in his chemical studies by Dr. Cunningham. He came early in life to London, where he gained some distinction, and died in 1804.

JEAN, P., miniature painter. Was born at Jersey, and brought up in the Navy. On the peace which followed the American War he studied miniaturepainting, and practised with much skill. He also painted in oil, and executed a whole-length of the Queen, but it was without any original merit. He exhibited miniatures, with, on one or two occasions, an oil portrait, at the Royal Academy from 1787 to 1802. He died at Hempstead, in Kent, September 12, 1802, aged 47.

JEAVONS, Thomas, engraver. He was born in 1816, and became of some repute as a landscape engraver, working in the line manner. ' Dutch Boats in a Calm/ 1849, is a good work by him, after E. Cooke, R. A. He retired to Welshpool, where he resided many years, and died November 26, 1867.

JEFFERE YS, James, marine painter. Born at Maidstone 1757, the son of a painter there of coach panels, and occasionally land- scapes. He was placed under Woollett, the engraver, but became a student of the Royal Academy, and studied painting. In 1773 he obtained the Academy gold medal for the best historical painting ; the following year the gold palette at the Society of Arts; and in 1775 was selected to go to Rome by the Academy, on the allowance provided by the Dilettanti Society. He returned at the end of four years, but was careless of himself, and diea of a decline, January 31, 1784, aged 27. His picture of the ' Destruction of the Spanish Batteries before Gibraltar,' his only contribution to the Academy, was exhibited in 1783, and was engraved by James Ernes.

JENKINS, D., engraver. Practised in London towards the end of the 18th century. He engraved several plates after Angelica Kauffman. There are two plates by him of horse races, dated 1786.

JENKINS, Thomas, history painter. Born in Devonshire, he studied in London under Hudson, and accompanied Richard Wilson to Rome, where he was residing in 1763. He studied historical painting, out does not appear to have ever exhibited ; and not sncceeaing, he became a dealer in anti- quities, and also the chief English banker in Rome, where he amassed a considerable fortune. He was instrumental to the pur- chase of many works of antique sculpture brought home by his countrymen. On the

occupation by the French, they confiscated his property, and he escaped to England. He diea at Yarmouth in 1798, immediately upon landing after a storm at sea.

JENNER,, engraver. Practised

in the latter part of the 18th century. He engraved Sir J. Reynolds's 'Girl with a Muff,' 1777.

JENNINGS, Robert, master mason. Was employed in the erection of Henry VII.'s Chapel, Westminster. Born in Ireland about 1675. He received a good education, and showing a decided taste for art, was placed under Sir Godfrey Kneller, in London, for about a year. He copied the cartoons in little, and sold his copies to Dr. Clark, of Oxford, who assisted him to visit Paris and Italy. At Rome, when 30 years old, he studied art— Walpole says * drawing.' On his return, he found full employment, married a widow lady with a fortune of 20,0001., and was ap- pointed principal painter to George I., and afterwards to George II. He was the head of the art of his time, and was a gentleman, a man of letters, and a wit ; the intimate friend of Pope and Addison, by whom his natural vanity was inflamed. The former addressed a complimentary epistle to him ; but he was sadly wanting m all the art qualities for which he was so unmeaningly praised. His portraits are slight, both in drawing and character, but his art has been unjustly depreciated. That he was not without merit will be evident from his portrait of the Duchess of Queensbury, recently added to the National Portrait Gallery, and his other portraits in that collection. He affected .to be violently in love with Lady Bridgewater, and after finding a fault in her ear, as the only feature short of perfection^pointed to his own as a perfect model. He is known by his English Edition of * Don Quixote ;' but his friend Pope, evidently referring to him, says he translated this work without under- standing Spanish. In 1738 he visited Italy a second time for his health, but only survived a short time, dying November 2, 1739, at his house at Cleveland Court. Here, in the following year, his collections, the fruits of 40 years, were sold by auction. His paintings, statues, china, Raphael- ware, and other works of art, occupied nine days ; his drawings followed, in 2,275 separate lots, and occupied 25 more days. There is a portrait of Pope by him in Lansdowne House, and of Newton at the Royal Society.
 * JERVAb, Charles, portrait painter.

JEW ITT, Thomas Orlando Sheldon, loood-engraver. He was born in Derby- shire, of a family known in literature, in 1799 ; and as a boy attempted -wood-en- graving. In his 16th year he illustrated m wood his elder brother's ' Wanderings of Memory ; ' and later * The Northern Star ;

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