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Born in Dublin. Was a pupil of Robert Carver, and was for many years engaged at Covent Garden Theatre as one of the prin- cipal scene painters. Died at Maidstone, September 11, 1796.

HODGSON, Chablbs, draftsman. An artist of the Norwich School, who was prin- cipally occupied in teaching early in the 19th century. He was a contributor, chiefly of interiors, by which he is best known, to the exhibitions of the Norwich Society, as was also his son David.

HODGSON, Thomas, wood engraver. He gained a premium at the Society of Arts in 1775, and was employed in 1776 by Bewick, who was then m London. His name appears to one of the plates to Hawk- ins's * History of Music' He was also a publisher.

fiODGSON, Edward, flower painter. Born in Dublin. He practised in London. p»""tmg with much ability both fruit and flowers, in the last half of the 18th century. He exhibited with the Free Society in 1782 and 1783, also at the Royal Academy in 1781 and 1782, and again in 1788. He was treasurer to the Associated Artists of Great Britain. He died in Great Newport Street, London, in 1794, aged 75.

HOFLAND, Thomas Cheistophbb, landscape painter. Was born at Worksop, Nottinghamshire, December 25, 1777. His father was a cotton manufacturer there, and removed with him to Lambeth about 1790, and soon after failed. He was then in his 19th year, and self-instructed, tried landscape. Devoting himself to the study of his art, he was assisted for a few months by Rathbone, and then had recourse to teaching as a means of existence. He was a volunteer in the King's Own Company at Kew. where he resided from 1799 to 1806, and naving attracted his Majesty's notice, he gave him a commission to make drawings of the rare plants in the royal collection ; and afterwards made some other attempts to promote his interests. He had during the above peiiod exhibited at the Royal Academy ; and about this time he went to the North of England, and then became a member of the Liverpool Art Academy. An opening for a teacher at Derby led him to that town, where he resided for some short time. But coming up to London to copy as a student at the British Institution, his love of art prevailed, and in 1811 he returned to the Metropolis at the close of that year, resumed his contributions to the Academy Exhibitions, and was successful in his works.

In 1814 he received the award of 100 guineas by the governors of the British Institution for his painting, ' A Storm off the Coast of Scarborough, which was pur- chased by the Marquis of Stafford; and the copies he made from the great masters

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in landscape found ready purchasers. About 1815 he removed to Richmond, and in 1817 to Twickenham. At this time he received a commission from the Duke of Marl- borough to paint a series of pictures of his seat of White Knights. To this he devoted himself for several years, and also made himself responsible to the engravers em- ployed upon tHe work, to his sad disappoint- ment and loss. Driven back to London by this in 1823, he again engaged in teaching, but not leaving his easel ne painted several

Sictures carefully from nature, and pro- uced some of his best landscapes — 'A Lake view of Windermere,' ' Jerusalem at the time of the Crucifixion/ with some moonlight and lake views ; ' Windsor Castle by Moonlight,' 1823; 'Llanberris Lake,' ' Twilight,' 1833. He was now in his 63rd year, and was enabled by the sale of his works to visit Italy. He made some good sketches, but unfortunately attacked by fever at Florence, he hastened home, quite broken in health. He was a foundation member and active supporter of the Society of British Artists, ana a large contributor to the Society's Exhibitions. He lived successively at Kensington, Hammersmith, and Richmond, where he lingered for about two years, then went to Leamington, and died there January 3, 1843, aged 65. His art was peculiar. His aim was to convey poetical impressions, but he never rose to the first rank, probably kept back by the many struggles and difficulties which he had to encounter. An enthusiastic angler, he wrote, * The British Angler's Manual/ 1839 ; and was generally a well-read man. His widow, who did not long survive him, was well known by her literary abilities.

HOGAN, John, sculptor. He was born in October 1800, at Tallow, Co. Waterford, where his father was a builder. His mother was a descendant of the Irish Lord Chief Justice Cox. He was placed in 1812 in an attorney's office at Cork, but he had found means to draw in the Academy there, and at the end of two years he quitted his em- ployment and gained admission to an archi- tect's office. Almost untaught in art, he E reduced at this time a wood carving in asso-rilievo, * The Triumph of Silenus,' a group of 15 figures. Studying anatomy he unproved in his power, and executed several other carvings, both in wood and stone. In 1823 he modelled a ' Minerva ' of so much promise that his friends in Ireland at- tempted to raise a fund to take him to Rome. The subscription was headed by the Royal Irish Institution and the Dublin Society, and 250/. were raised, to which Sir John Fleming .Leicester added an allow- ance of 50/. a year for three years. He set off for Rome in November of the same year. His first production there was his 1 Eve picking up a dead Bird,' which was

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