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ing for himself, he built several churches — Stonham, Aspall, and Grandsburgh. He was appointed one of the metropolitan dis- trict surveyors, but resigning the office in 1867, he retired and settled in Suffolk, where his professional assistance was sought. He was a fellow of the Institute of British Architects. Died October 9, 1872.

HALES,, portrait painter. Prac- tised in the middle of the 17th century. Pepys sat to him in 1666, and this portrait, answering to Pepys's description, was sola by auction in 1848 at Christie's for 50s., and is now in the National Portrait Gallery.

HALFPENNY, Willtam, architect. Practised in London in the first half of the 18th century. He published ' The Marrow of Architecture,' 1722 ; ' The Art of sound Building/ 1725 ; ' Practical Architecture/ 1730-48 ; * Twelve Designs for Farm Houses/ 1750 ; * Useful Architecture/ 1760 ; and also a work on Rural Archi- tecture, 1752.

HALFPENNY, Joseph, topographical draftsman. Was born in Yorkshire, at Bishopsthorpe, where his father was the gardener. October 9, 1748. He was ap- prenticed to a house painter, and followed that trade in York for several years. Then he became a teacher of drawing, and made himself known as a draftsman. He pub- lished, in 1795-1800, his ' Gothic Orna- ments/ drawn and etched by himself from the cathedral at York ; in 1807, his * Frag- menta Vetusta.' He died July 11, 1811.

HALL,, glass painter. He prac- tised in London in the early part of the 17th century, and was much esteemed for the rich brilliancy of his colour. The stained glass window of Lincoln's Inn Chapel, consecrated 1623, is by him.

HALL, Chables, engraver. Born about 1720. He was brought up a letter engraver, but improved himself m art, and found employment in engraving portraits, medals, coins, and other antiquities. His portraits are his best works, respectable in execution, and faithful copies. He engraved after Holbein, Passe, Hertocks, and others. He

fractised in London, where he died, "ebruaryS, 1783.

HALL, John, engraver. Born near Colchester, December 21, 1739. He came to London early in life, but not being designed to follow art, he was led to its pursuit by his own tastes. In 1756 he was awarded a premium by the Society of Arts. He was a pupil of Ravenet, was employed for a time in painting on enamel for the works at York House, Battersea, and soon became distinguished. He engraved after West, P.R.JL. 'The Battle of the Boyne' and ' Oliver Cromwell dissolving the Long Parliament,' and employed then by BoydeU,

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he engraved for him the same artist's picture of 'Venus relating to Adonis the story of Hippomenes and Atalanta/ in which he succeeded by a new method in

firing great softness and flexibility to the esh — the difficulty of the engraver's art. His principal works are after Carlo Maratti, Reynolds, Gainsborough, West. Hoare, and Dance. On the death of Woollett he suc- ceeded to his place in the profession, and also as historical engraver to the King. He was a member of the Free Society of Artists in 1763. He ranks among our best historical engravers : his line is good, his work careful, but has a tendency to blackness. He died in Berwick Street, Soho, April 7, 1797. and was buried in Paddington Churchyara.

HALLIDAY, Michael Frederick, amateur. His father was a captain in the Royal Navy. He held an appointment in the House of Lords, and when past middle life cultivated a taste for painting. He exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1853 a landscape, and in 1856, ' The Measure for the Wedding Ring/ which was engraved and brought him into notice. In 1857 he exhibited' The Sale of a Heart ;' in 1864, ' A Bird in the Hand ; ' and in 1866, his last work, ' Roma vivente e Roma morta.' He died after a short illness, June 1, 1869. His works were sold at Christie's in January 1871.

HALLS, J. J., portrait and history painter. He lived for some time at Colchester^of which town he was probably a native. He first appears as the exhibitor of a landscape at the Academy in 1791, and again in 1798, when he exhibited ' Fingal assaulting the spirit of Loda.' In the following year he came to London, and from that time was a constant exhibitor of portraits, and had many distinguished sitters. He also occasionally contributed a subject picture; in 1802. 'Lot's Wife turned into a Pillar of Salt ; ' in 1808, ' Hero and Leander ; ' in 1811, ' Danae.' In 1813 he gained at the British Institution a premium of 200 guineas for his ' Raising of Jairus's Daughter.' But from this time ne exhibited only portraits, and was a large contributor. His last exhibited work was in 1827.

HALPEN, Patrick, engraver. Prac- tised in Ireland in the line manner 1778-86, and was the only engraver of his class then in Ireland. He was principally employed on vignette illustrations for books.

HALPEN,, portrait painter. Son

of the above. Studied in the Dublin Academy, and then commenced art as a miniature painter. Not succeeding, he tried the stage, and appeared at the Crow Street Theatre in Dublin. But again un- successful he came to London, and m a new field resumed his art.

HAMILTON, Sir James, Knt., architect* He was a natural son of James, first Earl

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