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the Indian Navy, and served in India and China. On his return he was emploved in the office of the civil architect to the Navy. From that service he became assistant to Sir Jeffrey Wyattville, remaining with him till his death, or nearly 30 years. He only appears to have been an exhibitor at the Academy in 1795-96-97. In 1842 he published 'Architectural Illustrations of Windsor/ He died in April 1862.

GANDY, John Peter, R.A., architect. See Deering, which name he afterwards assumed.

painter. Was born in Geneva 1722, and was apprenticed to an engraver there. He ran away at the age of 16 and went to Paris, but, persuaded to return, he came back and served out his time. In 1744 he again went to Paris, and studied painting there till 1750, when, returning to Geneva, he practised for a while in his native city, but his immoral conduct was a bar to his success, and in 1756 he was again in Paris. From thence he went to Brussels and to London, arriving probably in the winter of 1759. Here, practising as a miniature and portrait painter, his career was short. He lodged on the south side of Leicester Fields. His landlady was a woman of light character, and on her resisting his advances and violence he murdered her, and after robbing her, cut her body in pieces and burnt it. Convicted, he attempted suicide in prison. He was executed in the Hay- market, April 4, 1761. Hogarth is said to have made a sketch of him on the day of his execution.
 * GARDELLE, Theodore, miniature

GARDINER, William Nelson, engrav- er. He was born at Dublin, June 11, 1776. His parents were of the lower class, but he managed to get a good education. Some friends enabled him to pursue an early taste for art, and he studied for three years at the Dublin Academy, where he gained a medal. After a while he made his way as an adventurer to London, and sup-

Eorted himself by taking in black shade pro- le miniatures, but was ill-paid, and he then associated himself with some strolling players, and became their scene painter, yet with little better success. Meeting accidentally with Captain Grose, he was befriended by him and placed with an engraver. Afterwards he worked for Bar- tolozzi, whose manner he imitated, and made great progress in the art. He exe- cuted some good plates, several of which bear Bartolozzi's name, among them a por- tion of Lady Diana Beaucienrs illustrations of Dryden's 'Fables.' He was employed on the illustrations for Harding's edition of Shakespeare and De Grammont's 'Me- moirs/ and might have gained independ- ence ; but he left his business and went to Dublin, where he spent all the money he

possessed. Returning to England, he was seized with a conscientious desire to enter the Church, and was admitted to Em- manuel, and afterwards to Corpus Christr College, Cambridge. He remained about five years, with a view of qualifying for holy orders, and was candidate for a fellow- ship, and then again turned to art. He copied portraits in water-colours with much skill, vet with small gains. Possessing a considerable knowledge of books, he next" set up as a bookseller in Pall Mall. There, plagued with ailments and a restless spirit, and afflicted with the loss of his wife ana child, he wrote some sopliistical reflections on the pains of life and the sweetness of death, and committed suicide on June 21, 1814.

GARDNER, Thomas, engraver. Prac- tised in the early part of the 18th century, and was chiefly engaged for the booksellers. He engraved a set of plates for the Book of Common Prayer, 1735.

GARDNER, Daniel, portrait painter. Born at Kendal. Came to London early in life, and was admitted a student of the Royal Academy. Was noticed and assisted in his art by Reynolds, P.R.A., and became fashionable for his small portraits, both in oil and crayons. He exhihited at the Academy in 1771, but rarely afterwards. Thomas Watson engraved 'Abelard and Helo'ise' after him, 1776, and there are several mezzo-tint engravings after his

Portraits. He had a nice perception of eauty and character, and composed with elegance. He realised some property by his art and retired from its practice. He died in Warwick Street, Golden Square, July 8, 1805, aged 55. Hayley did not think his talents beneath his verse —

'Nor, Gardner, shall the muse in haste forget Thy taste and ease, tho' with a fond regret.'

GARDNOR, The Rev. James, amateur. He was for many years vicar of Battersea, and both drew and engraved with some ability. In 1767 he received a Society of Arts' premium of 25 guineas. He was a frequent contributor to the Academy Exhi- bitions, but is not classed with the honorary exhibitors. He exhibited from 1782 to 1796 landscapes in oil and water-colours, views, and at the latter part of the time, subjects on the Rhine. He also painted some portraits. He died at Battersea in January 1808, aged 79. He contributed some of the illustrations for Williams's in 1788, i Views on the Rhine.'
 * History of Monmouthshire,' and published,

GARNER, Thomas, engraver. Was born in Birmingham 1789, and was ap- prenticed to an engraver in that town, where he practised during the greater part of his life. His chief works were in the line manner and on a small scale, some of

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