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 476 DESTEUCTION OF THE GEEEK EMPIRE sensions that followed, 204, 300; the reconciliation was a sham, 205 Unleavened bread (in the Mass) : violent controversy about, at Council of Florence, 126 Urban, Hungarian cannon-founder : made a monster bombard or gun for the great siege, 231 ; its conveyance to the city walls, 232 ; Urban killed by mishap which destroyed his great gun, 245 Urban IV., Pope : proclaimed (1262) a Crusade against Michael VIII. and against his allies the Genoese, 31 ; diverted the expedition to Palestine, against Tartars, ib. Urban V., Pope : Crusade against Saracens (1366), 91; efforts for Union, 91 sq. 'Valley of the Springs,' the (now Cassim Pasha), 272 Valois, Charles of ; object of his marriage with Catherine of Courtenay, 38 ; treaty with Venetians for conquest of Constantinople, ib. ; the design abandoned, 39 Varna, battle of, 165 sqq. Vataces, John Ducas (1222-54), suc- cessor of Theodore Lascaris at Nicaea : his successful rule, 9, 14 ; restricted boundaries of the Latin territory, ib. ; in alliance with Bulgarians, attacks Constantinople, 13 ; gets possesion of Salonica, ib. Veccus, patriarch, 33, 37 Vefa Meidan : the pretended burial- place of Constantine at, 355 n. Venetians!: their share in spoil of Constantinople (1204), 2 ; save Constantinople from attack of Vataces, 13 ; commerce of the city in their hands, 14 ; relations with Michael VIII., 32 ; treaty of alliance against Constantinople (1306) with Charles of Valois, 39 ; later made a truce with Andronicus II., 40 ; rivalry with Genoese in the Greek empire, 76; a battle between them in the Bosporus, 77 ; Venetian and Geno- ese fleets co-operate against Baja- zed, 111 ; the nations again at war with each other, 112 ; Venetians made peace with Murad II., 157 ; preparations against the great siege, 220 ; their nobles took part in the defence, 221 ; Venetians and Genoese associated in it, 247 sq. ; Venetians quarrel during siege with Genoese, 288 ; both peoples alike were looked upon by Greeks as interlopers in Constantinople, 301 ; escape of some Venetians from the captured city, 369 Volunteers (©eX-nfiaTapioi), Greek set- tlers in country behind Constan- tinople, 18 Wallachs, 149 ; treachery at Cossovo- pol, 174 Walls of Constantinople, 238-42 Weapons and implements of warfare : various names for, 251, 269 Western attempts against Turks : reasons for failure, 175 ; lack of knowledge of numbers of Turkish fighting men, 176 ; low estimate of the Turks as soldiers, ib. ; the lack of concerted action among Western powers, 177 Woolwich Artillery Museum : a great Turkish cannon there, 232 n. Ximenes, Fernand : head of a body of mercenaries in connection with Eoger de Flor, 43, 48 Zachaeia, A. J., Podesta of Galata : his account of the surrender of the town, 371 Zagan Pasha, 243, 271, 291 sqq., 319, 325, 359 PRINTED BY 8POTTISWOODE AND CO. LTD., NEW-STREET SQUARE LONDON