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 466 DESTEUGTION OF THE GREEK EMPIRE Military Gates, 239 sq., 243, 245; Pege (or Gate of the Springs) : now Silivria Gate), 18, 19 239 ; Psa- matia, 322 ; Khegium (now called Mevlevihana Capou), 245; St. Eugenius, 322; St. Kyriake, 240; St. Ilomanus (formerly known as the Pempton), 114, 236 n., 283, 290, 350 ; St. Theodosia, 250 n. ; Top Capou (Cannon Gate), 236, 239 sq., 243, 356 ; Triton, 239 ; Xyloporta (Woodgate), 114, 243 Genghis Khan, a Mongol : his followers mainly Turks, 52, 54 ; married a Christian, 54 Gennadius. See Scholarius, George Genoese, in occupation of Galata, 17 ; made alliance with Emperor Michael, ib. ; defeat of Catalans, 46 ; colony at Galata, 77 ; rivalry with Venetians : a battle between them in the Bosporus, ib. ; joined with Turks against Constantinople ; bought off with a concession of territory by Cantacuzenus, 78 ; their defeat (1379) of Venetians, 95 ; colonists desire to acknowledge Timour as suzerain, 146, 148 ; the size of their ships, 154 n. ; their hatred of Venetians, 157 n. ; pre- parations against the great siege, 220 ; joined with Venetians in defence of Constantinople (1453), 247 sq. ; ships bringing aid to the city attacked by Turks, 259 ; Turks defeated, 265 ; Genoese accused of giving aid to Mahomet II., 270 ; their relations with him, 287 ; quarrels, during siege, with Vene- tians, 288 ; discussion of charge of treachery brought against them, 303 ; Mahomet ordered them to pre- vent help being sent clandestinely to the city, 320; escape of some galleys, with refugees from the captured city, 370 Germanus, patriarch, succeeded Ar- senius, 28 Giant's Mountain, the, 164 Gibbon : his 4 Decline and Fall ' needs rectification by new sources of in- formation, v sq. ; the sources he used were vitiated by prejudices, vii ; bias caused by his own prin- ciples, ib. ; criticism of his state- ment that the Greeks' spirit of religion was productive only of animosity and discord, 306 Godfrey de Bouillon, 97 n. Godfrey, imperial Grand Huntsman, 98 Grant, John (a German) : a defender in the great siege, 249 ; his skilful countermining of the Turks, 292 Greek Empire : influence of Hellenism upon, 399 ; deep love of the people for the old Greek language and literature, 400 ; this formed a strong bond of union, ib. ; dark periods of literature, 401 ; dis- appearance of books after 1204, ib.; in Constantinople there was always a considerable number of scholars and students, 402 ; these helped to preserve Greek language and literature, ib. ; departure of Greek scholars to the West began with the Latin conquest, 403 ; their dis- persion introduced to Western Europe new ideals, 413. See also Benaissance Greek fire : the use of, 263 Greeks : their condition in Constanti- nople after 1204, 3, 5, 13 Gregory, patriarch, a favourer of Union: deposed (1450), 202 ; restored, 205 Gregory IX., Pope, 11 Gregory X., Pope: negotiations with Michael VIII. for Union, 32 ; the reconciliation of 1274, 34 Gregory XI., Pope: efforts against Moslem progress, 92 ; and for Union, 93 Grione, Zacharia, naval officer : a defender in the great siege, 266 ; helped in Coco's scheme, 281 Gul Jami (Mosque of the Kose) : formerly church of St. Theodosia, 360 Guy de Lusignan, 90 Hagia Sophia, 204 sq., 297 sq. ; shunned by Greeks after the Union, 301 ; the last Christian service in, 330; crowded with refugees after the capture, 365 ; these taken captive or slain by Turks, 366 ; gross treatment of the church and its contents, 366 sq. ; wanton destruction of books, 367 Halil Pasha, a Turkish leader friendly to the Greeks, 158 ; .grand vizier of Mahomet II., 2097 212; chief officer under the sultan, 244 ; endeavoured to induce the sultan to abandon siege, 318; his final command, 325 Halil, son of Orchan, 102 Hamoud, Admiral, successor of Balto-