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139; on the higher mortality of males in Scotland, 243.
 * Starling, American field-, pugnacity of male, 367.
 * , red-winged, selection of a mate by the female, 416.
 * Starlings, three, frequenting the same nest, 219, 409; new mates found by, 408.
 * Statues, Greek, Egyptian, Assyrian, &c., contrasted, 581.
 * Stature, dependence of, upon local influences, 31.
 * Staudinger, Dr., on breeding Lepidoptera, 251; his list of Lepidoptera, 252.
 * Staunton, Sir G., hatred of indecency a modern virtue, 119.
 * Stealing of bright objects by birds, 413.
 * Stebbing, T. R., on the nakedness of the human body, 600.
 * Stemmatopus, 528.
 * Stendhal, see Bombet.
 * Stenobothrus pratorum, stridulation, 286.
 * Stephen, Mr. L., on the difference in the minds of men and animals, 78; on general concepts in animals, 89; distinction between material and formal morality, 111.
 * Sterility, general, of sole daughters, 135; when crossed, a distinctive character of species, 166; under changed conditions, 189, 191.
 * Sterna, seasonal change of plumage in, 493.
 * Stickle-back, polygamous, 220; male, courtship of the, 331; male, brilliant colouring of, during the breeding season, 340; nidification of the, 345.
 * Sticks used as implements and weapons by monkeys, 81.
 * Sting in bees, 208.
 * Stokes, Capt., on the habits of the great bower-bird, 381.
 * Stoliczka, Dr., on colours in snakes, 352.
 * Stonechat, young of the, 487.
 * Stone implements, difficulty of making, 49; as traces of extinct tribes, 181.
 * Stones, used by monkeys for breaking hard fruits and as missiles, 50; piles of, 179.
 * Stork, black, sexual differences in the bronchi of the, 374; red beak of the, 491.
 * Storks, 491, 493; sexual difference in the colour of the eyes of, 425.
 * Strange, Mr., on the satin bower-bird, 381.
 * Stretch, Mr., on the numerical proportion in the sexes of chickens, 247.
 * Strepsiceros kudu, horns of, 512; markings of, 543.
 * Stridulation, by males of Theridion, 274; of the Orthoptera and Homoptera discussed, 289; of beetles, 301.
 * Stripes, retained throughout groups of birds, 427; disappearance of, in adult mammals, 546.
 * Strix flammea, 408.
 * Structure, existence of unserviceable modifications of, 61.
 * Struggle for existence, in man, 142, 146.
 * Struthers, Dr., on the occurrence of the supra-condyloid foramen in the humerus of man, 21.
 * Sturnella ludoviciana, pugnacity of the male, 367.
 * Sturnus vulgaris, 408.
 * Sub-species, 175.
 * Suffering, in strangers, indifference of savages to, 117.
 * Suicide, 137; formerly not regarded as a crime, 117; rarely practised among the lowest savages, 117.
 * Suidæ, stripes of young, 464.
 * Sulivan, Sir B. J., on speaking of parrots, 85; on two stallions attacking a third, 501.
 * Sumatra, compression of the nose by the Malays of, 583.
 * Sumner, Archb., man alone capable of progressive improvement, 79.
 * Sun-birds, nidification of, 454.
 * Superstitions, 144; prevalence of, 122.
 * Superstitious customs, 96.
 * Superciliary ridge in man, 556, 558.
 * Supernumerary digits, more frequent in men than in women, 223; inheritance of, 232; early development of, 237.
 * Supra-condyloid foramen in the early progenitors of man, 160.