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644

* Frogs, 349; male, temporary receptacles for ova possessed by, 208; ready to breed before the females, 212; fighting of, 349; vocal organs of, 350.
 * Frontal bone, persistence of the suture in, 39.
 * Fruits, poisonous, avoided by animals, 66.
 * Fuegians, 133, 143; difference of stature among the, 31; power of sight in the, 33; skill of, in stone-throwing, 49; resistance of the, to their severe climate, 63, 182; mental capacity of the, 65; quasi-religious sentiments of the, 95; resemblance of, in mental characters, to Europeans, 178; mode of life of the, 197; aversion of, to hair on the face, 580; said to admire European women, 582.
 * Fulgoridæ, songs of the, 281.
 * Fur, whiteness of, in arctic animals, in winter, 229.
 * Fur-bearing animals, acquired sagacity of, 80.


 * Gallicrex, sexual difference in the colour of the irides in, 425.
 * cristatus, pugnacity of male, 360; red caruncle occurring in the male during the breeding-season, 389.
 * Gallinaceæ, frequency of polygamous habits and of sexual differences in the, 219; love-gestures of, 380; decomposed feathers in, 385; stripes of young, 464; comparative sexual differences between the species of, 470, 471; plumage of, 472.
 * Gallinaceous birds, weapons of the male, 362; racket-shaped feathers on the heads of, 384.
 * Gallinula chloropus, pugnacity of the male, 360.
 * cristata, pugnacity of the male, 360.
 * Galloperdix, spurs of, 364; development of spurs in the female, 450.
 * Gallophasis, young of, 468.
 * Gallus bankiva, 447; neck-hackles of, 392.
 * Stanleyi, pugnacity of the male, 363.
 * Galls, 60.
 * Galton, Mr., on hereditary genius, 28; gregariousness and independence in animals, 104; on the struggle between the social and personal impulses, 125; on the effects of natural selection on civilised nations, 133; on the sterility of sole daughters, 135; on the degree of fertility of people of genius, 136; on the early marriages of the poor, 138; on the ancient Greeks, 140; on the Middle Ages, 141; on the progress of the United States, 142; on South African notions of beauty, 579.
 * Gammarus, use of the chelæ of, 268.
 * marinus, 270.
 * Gannets, white only when mature, 492.
 * Ganoid fishes, 159, 165.
 * Gaour, horns of the, 505.
 * Gap between man and the apes, 156.
 * Gaper, sexes and young of, 486.
 * Gardner, on an example of rationality in a Gelasimus, 270.
 * Garrulus glandarius, 407.
 * Gärtner, on sterility of hybrid plants, 172.
 * Gasteropoda, 272; pulmoniferous, courtship of, 262.
 * Gasterosteus, 220; nidification of, 345.
 * leiurus, 331, 340, 345.
 * trachurus, 332.
 * Gastrophora, wings of, brightly coloured beneath, 315.
 * Gauchos, want of humanity among the, 123.
 * Gaudry, M., on a fossil monkey, 154.
 * Gavia, seasonal change of plumage in, 493.
 * Geese, clanging noise made by, 368 pairing of different species of, 415; Canada, selection of mates by, 416.
 * Gegenbaur, C., on the number of digits in the Ichthyopterygia, 37; on the hermaphroditism of the remote progenitors of the vertebrata, 161; two types of nipple in mammals, 162.
 * Gelasimus, proportions of the sexes in a species of, 254; use of the enlarged chelæ of the male, 268; pugnacity of males of, 269; rational