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 526 APPENDIX of his monastery and died in ll2rx His Chronicon Universale is a famous work and is the chief authority for German history from a.d. 1080 to the year of the author's death. The Hierosolymita has the vahie of a contemporary work by one who had himself seen the Holy Land and the Greek Empire. [Edited in Pertz, Mon. vi. p. 265 sqq. ; and by Riant in the Recueil, vol. 5, p. 1 sqq. ; but most convenient is the separate edition of Hagenmeyer, 1877. ] Another contemporary writer on the First Crusade, who had himself visited Palestine, is Cafaro di Caschifelone, of Genoa. He went out with the Genoese squadron which sailed to the help of the Crusaders in 1100. He was at Jerusalem at Easter 1101 and took part in the sieges of Arsuf and Caesarea in the same year. He became afterwards a great person in his native city, was five times consul, composed Annales Genuenses, and died in 11G6. His work De Liberatione civit'atum Orientis was not accessible to Gibbon ; for it was first published in 18.59 by L. Ansaldo (Cronaca della prima Crociata, in vol. i. of the Acts of the Societa Ligure di storia patria). It was then edited by Pertz, Mon. xviii. p. 40 &qq. ; and in vol v. of the Recueil des historians des croisades. Contents : chaps. 1-10 give the events of the First Crusade before the author's arrival on the scene ; c. 11 relates the arrival of the Genoese fleet at Laodicea, and the defeat of the Lom- bard Expedition in Asia Minor in 1101 ; chaps. 12-18 (in the edition of the Recueil) are an extract from the Annales Genuenses, inserted in this place by the editor Riant, and describing the events of the year, 1100-1101 ; chaps. 19-27 enumerate the towns of Syria and their distances from one another ; describe the capture of iMargat in 1140 by the Crusaders ; a naval battle between the Genoese and Greeks ; and the capture of Tortosa, Tripolis, and other places. The work seems never to have been completed. For the authorship of the Itincrarium Peregrinorum et Gesta regis Ricardi, see above, p. 352-3, note 89. It remains to be added that in its Latin form the work is not an original composition, but is a verj- free elaboration of a French poem written by a Norman named Amurose, in rhyming verses of seven s}-llables. In the prologue to the Latin work (p. 4, ed. Stubbs) the writer says nos in castris fnissc cum sc7-ipsimus ; but we should expect him to mention the fact that he had first written his account in Franco-Gallic. Nicholas Trivet (at the beginning of the ] 1th cent.) distinctly ascribes the Itinerarium to Richard of London, Canon of the Holy Trinity (qui itinerarium regis prosa et metro scripsit) ; '^'^ but the contemporary Chronicon Terrae Sauctae (see below) states that the Prior of the Holy Trinity of London caused it to be translated from French into Latin (ex Galiica lingua in Latinum transferri fecit).'-' The natural inference is that Richard the Canon transformed the rhymed French of Ambrose into a Latin prose dress ; but it is not evident why the name of Ambrose is suppressed. Nor is it quite clear whether Trivet, when he says prosa ct metro, meant the French verse and the Latin prose, or whether lactro refers to the Latin rhymes which aro occasionally introduced (chiefly in Bk. I.) in the Itinerarium. [Extracts from the Carmen Ambrosii are edited by F. Liebermann (1885) in Pertz, IIon. 27, 532 sqq. See 'Wattenbach. Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen, ed. 6, ii. p. 316.] For the crusade of Richard I. Ralph of Cogoeshall's Chronicon Anglicanum (a. P. 1066-1223) is an imjfortant authority, and it was the source of the account in Matthew Paris. Ralpli, who was abbot of the Cistercian Monastery of Cogges- hall, in Essex, died about 1228, was not in the Holy Land himself, but he obtained his information from eye-witnesses (f.;/., from Hugh de Neville, who described for him the episode oif Joppa in Aug., ]]92, and from Anselm, the king's chaplain). [Edited in the Rolls series by J. Stevenson, 1875.] xVnothcr contemporary account of the Third Crusade is contained in the Cfironicon Terrae Saxctae, ascribed without any reason to Ralph of CoggeshaU, and j)rinted along with his Chronicle in Martene and Durand, Ampl. Coll. vol. 5, and in the RoUs series (p. 209 sqq.). An independent narrative, derived apparently 20 Stubbs, Introduction, p. xli, 31 /ft., p. xlii.