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 96 THE DECLINE AND FALL and glory of the Roman name, was desirous of bestowing the honours of martyrdom on the Christians, who lost their lives in an holy war against the infidels. But this jjolitical law was defeated by the opposition of the patriarch, the bishops, and the principal senators ; and they strenuously urged the canons of St. Basil, that all who were polluted by the bloody trade of a soldier should be separated, during three years, from the communion of the faithful.'^''' Character Thcse scruplcs of the Greeks have been compared with the the s^ac'^ens tears of the primitive Moslems when they were held back from battle ; and this contrast of base superstition and high-spirited enthusiasm unfolds to a philosophic eye the history of the rival nations. The subjects of the last caliphs ^^ had undoubtedly degenerated from the zeal and faith of the companions of the prophet. Yet their martial creed still represented the Deity as the author of war ; ^^^ the vital though latent spark of fanati- cism still glowed in the heart of their religion, and among the Saracens wlio dwelt on the Christian borders it was frequently rekindled to a lively and active flame. Their regular force Avas foi-med of the valiant slaves who had been educated to guard the person and accompany the standard of their lord ; but the Musulman people of Syria and Cilicia, of Africa and Spain, was awakened by the trumpet which proclaimed an holy war against the infidels. The rich were ambitious of death or victory in the cause of God ; the poor were allured by the hopes of plunder ; and the old, the infirm, and the women as- sumed their share of meritorious service by sending their substitutes, with arms and horses, into the field. These offensive and defensive arms were similar in strength and temper to those of the Romans, whom they far excelled in the management of the horse and the bow ; the massy silver of their belts, their bridles, and their swords, displayed the magnificence of a prosperous nation, and, except some black [ii. p. 369, ed. Bonn]), who relate the design of Nicephorus, most unfortunately apply the epithet of y^rvnio)^ to the opposition of the patriarch. 30 The xviiith chapter of the tactics of the different nations is the most historical and useful of the whole collection of Leo. The manners and arms of the Saracens (Tactic, p. 809-817, and a fragment from the Medicean Ms. in the preface of the vith volume of Meursius) the Roman emperor was too frequently called upon to study. '•*' riai'Tb? 6t Kn KaKov epyov TOi' Qeov airiov vvoTLOevTat, Kai TroAe'/ioi? xaCpeiv keyovtri Tnv&fov TOV StacTKO/iTTifot'Ta fflrrj ra tous ttoAc/hous OtAocra. Leon. TaCtlC. p. 809 [c. 18, § III].
 * 3Zonaras (torn. ii. 1. xvi. p. 202, 203 [c. 25]) and Cedrenus (Conipend. p. 688