Page:De Vinne, Invention of Printing (1876).djvu/508

498 He and his rivals, Bamler, Schüssler and Sorg, illustrated their books so freely with wood- cuts as to provoke the remonstrance of the fraternity of block-printers of Augsburg This opposition may have caused Zainer's retirement from business in 1475, but it did not check the business of the others. There were twenty master printers at Augsburg before 1500.

. It is probable that the unknown printer of the four notable editions of the Speculum was at Utrecht before the arrival of Ketelaer and De Leempt in 1473.

John of Westphalia came to Louvain in 1472, with some matrices of Round Gothic and Roman types which he had acquired in Venice, and began to fit up a printing office. In 1473, he published his first book. During the twenty-two years he was in business, he printed 120 works. Many were editions of the classics, and all were selected with reference to the requirements of the University, from which he received the honorary title of Master of Printing. John Veldener, who began to print at Louvain in 1473, received a similar title. He boasted that he was expert in all branches of the graphic arts, but his skill was that of a mechanic. As