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DAWN AND THE DONS 60 tive ability of a high order. Naturally kind and gentle in manner and speech, he was none the less bold and courageous in asserting and maintaining his missionary rights against secular encroachment. To this man,

thus endowed,

fell the mighty

task of

bringing into obedient subjection a numerous native race, without the aftermath of hatred and revenge that usually flows from military conquest. The presence of soldiers

in California

was

deemed

essential,

but

the

great civilizing influence exerted by Spain over the native population was through her missionaries. The Presidio stood guard, but its active aid was seldom invoked. Spain had learned the value of the spiritual appeal. The Mission as a means of conquest and civilization was a plant of slow growth. It had its feeble and unorganized origin in the closing years of the sixteenth century, gradually developed in the Spanish provinces of America, with most rapid growth in Paraguay, and in 1769 had reached full flower, and was recognized

and

utilized as the most effective agency for the civilization of the natives of Spanish America, and for the winning

of their good will.

Two

distinct motives actuated the

movement, and combined to accelerate its development.

The aim and purpose of the Catholic priesthood were to convert the native, and to save his soul; that of the gov-

ernmental authorities, to civilize and control him.

Thus

the Presidio, while deemed an essential factor, became second in importance to the Mission.