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larvæ inhabiting bromelia leaves, 118

Callophis, harmless mimicking poisonous species, 262

Candolle, Alp. de, on variation in oaks, 77

on variability of Papaver bracteatum, 79

Cardinalis virginianus, diagram showing proportionate numbers which vary, 65; variations of, 58

Carpenter, Dr. W.B., on variation in the Foraminifera, 43

Carriers, 91

Caterpillars, resemblance of, to their food plants, 203-205

inedible, 236

Cattle, how they prevent the growth of trees, 18

increase of, in St. Domingo, Mexico, and the pampas, 27

Ceylon, spread of Lantana mixta in, 29

Chaffinch, change of habit of, in New Zealand, 76

Chambers, Robert, on origin of species, 3

Chance rarely determines survival, 123

Change of conditions, utility of, 326

Characters, non-adaptive, 131

transferred from useless to useful class, 132

Charaxes psaphon persecuted by a bird, 235

Chile, numerous red tubular flowers in, 320

Chimpanzee, figure of, 454

Clark, Mr. Edwin, on cause of absence of forests on the pampas, 23

on the struggle for life in the South American valleys, 24

Cleistogamous flowers, 322

Close interbreeding, supposed evil results of, 326

Clover, white, spread of, in New Zealand, 28

Co-adaptation of parts by variation, no real difficulty, 418

Cobra, use of hood of, 262

Coccinella mimicked by grasshopper, (figure), 260

Collingwood, Mr., on butterflies recognising their kind, 226

Coloration, alluring, 210

of birds' eggs, 212

a theory of animal, 288

Colour correlated with sterility, 169

correlated with constitutional peculiarities, 170

in nature, the problem to be solved, 188

constancy, in animals indicates utility, 189

and environment, 190

general theories of animal, 193

animal, supposed causes of, 193

obscure, of many tropical animals, 194

produced by surrounding objects, 195

adaptations, local, 199

for recognition, 217

of wild animals not quite symmetrical, 217 (note)

as influenced by locality or climate, 228

development in butterflies, 274

more variable than habits, 278

and nerve distribution, 290

and tegumentary appendages, 291

of flowers, 308

change of, in flowers when fertilised, 317

in nature, concluding remarks on, 299, 333

of fruits, 304

of flowers growing together contrasted, 318

Complexity of flowers due to alternate adaptation to insect and self-fertilisation, 328

Composite, a, widely dispersed without pappus, 367

Confinement, affecting fertility, 154

Continental and oceanic areas, 346

Continents and oceans cannot have changed places, 345

possible connections between, 349

Continuity does not prove identity of origin, 463