Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings - Volume I.djvu/394

 the Kensington Museum.—C. & C., N. Italy, i. 96; Burckhardt, 592.

CROFTS, ERNEST, born at Leeds, England, Sept. 15, 1847. Genre painter; pupil in London of A. B. Clay, and in Düsseldorf of E. J. Hunten. Paints chiefly military subjects. Elected an A.R.A. in 1878. Works: A Retreat (1874); Ligny (1875); Morning of Waterloo (1876); Ironsides returning from Sacking a Cavalier's House, Cromwell at Marston Moor (1877); Wellington's March from Quatre Bras to Waterloo (1878); Evening of Waterloo (1879); George II. at Dettingen (1881); At the Farm of Mont St. Jean—Waterloo (1882); At the Sign of the Blue Boar—Holborn, Charles I. going to Execution (1883); Wallenstein (1884).—Art Journal (1882), 22, 31; Athen., May 18,1878.

CROIZETTE MLLE., Portrait, Carolus-Duran. Equestrian portrait of Mlle. Sophie Croizette, the actress. She is mounted on a black horse, head to left, and is looking full face.—Philadelphia Exhibition, 1876.

CROLA, GEORG HEINRICH, born in Dresden, June 6, 1804, died at Ilsenburg in the Hartz, May 6, 1879. Landscape painter, pupil in Dresden of Klengel and studied from nature and after the Dutch masters in Dresden Gallery. Was in service of the Duke of Coburg-Gotha, in 1828-30, and then in Munich until 1840, when he settled in the Ilse Valley. Works: Great Oak Landscape; Storm on Lake Chiem; After-*glow in the Alps; The Traun Falls; On Lake Starenberg; Ammer Lake; Teutoburg Forest; Outlook from the Brocken.—Kunst-Chronik, xv. 530.

CROLA, HUGO, born at Ilsenburg in the Hartz, in 1841. Portrait painter, son of Heinrich, pupil of Berlin Academy; then of Düsseldorf Academy under Bendemann, Karl, and Wilhelm Sohn. His portraits found great favour at the Vienna Exhibition, 1873, and Munich Exhibition, 1879. In 1877 he became professor at the Düsseldorf Academy. Painted also genre scenes, and in 1871 an altarpiece for a church in Courland.—Müller, 327.

CROME, JOHN, called Old Crome, born in Norwich, England, Dec. 21, 1769, died there, April 22, 1821. Brought up a coach painter, formed himself by studying nature and pictures of the Dutch school. With one exception, the Blacksmith's Shop (1809), all his pictures are landscapes painted with sweetness of colour, richness of tone, and truth. He was a genuine student of nature who delighted in painting lanes, heaths, and river banks, with effects of sunlight and moonlight. Mousehold Heath, in the National Gallery, is perhaps his masterpiece. He founded the Norwich School of Arts in 1805, and may be regarded as the father of the Norwich school of landscape painting, of which Vincent, Stark, and Cotman were the leading artists. His son, John Bernay Crome (1793-1842), was an indifferent landscape painter.—Ch. Blanc, École anglaise; Portfolio (1879), 33, 48.

CROMWELL AND CHARLES I., Paul Delaroche, Nîmes Museum; canvas. Subject from "Quatre Stuarts," of Chateaubriand. Cromwell, standing beside the coffin in which repose the remains of Charles I., has lifted the lid, and is gazing intently on the face of the dead. Salon, 1831. Engraved by Henriquel Dupont.—Clément de Ris, ii. 210; Larousse, v. 583.

CROPSEY, JASPER FRANCIS, born at Rossville, N. Y., Feb. 18, 1823. Landscape painter, pupil of Edward Maury. Visited England, France, Switzerland, and Italy in 1847; went abroad again in 1855, and spent seven years in London. Elected N.A. in 1851. Studio in New York. Works in oil: Jedburgh Abbey, Pontine Marshes (1847); Backwoods of America (1857); Richmond Hill (1862); Anne Hathaway's Cottage (Edwin Booth, New York); Greenwood Lake