Page:Cyclopedia of painters and paintings - Volume I.djvu/346

 on the Scheldt (1874); Thames near London, View on the Scheldt (1875); Bruges, North Sea (1876); Zuyder-Zee near Texel, Canal in Zélande (1877); Canal in the Nieuwe-Maas, Saardam (1878); Dutch Vessels in a Calm (1863), Dutch Boats in Roads of Flushing (1870), National Gallery, London; Becalmed near Amsterdam, Rough Sea on Coast of Flanders (1884); In Roadstead of Dunkirk, Fog at Dawn (1885).—Gaz. des B. Arts (1867), xxiii. 16; L'Art, 1876.

CLEANTHES, Greek painter, of Corinth, early period. According to Pliny (xxxv. 5 [15]) the invention of line-drawing was assigned both to him and to Philocles the Egyptian. The Temple of Artemis Alphæonia, near Olympia, contained his paintings of the Iliupersis (taking of Troy) and the birth of Athena.—Strabo, viii. 3, 12. Athenagoras Leg. pro Christ., 14 (p. 59, ed. Dechair).

CLEEF, JAN VAN, born at Venloo, Guelderland, in 1646, died in Ghent in 1716. Flemish school; history painter, pupil of Luigi Primo (Gentile), then in Brussels of Gaspard de Craeyer, whom he assisted with his numerous works for churches in the Low Countries, and on the death of his master completed those left unfinished. One of the ablest artists of his country. His most esteemed works are in the churches and in the Museum of Ghent, whither he removed in 1681. Works: Assumption, St. James's; Immaculate Conception, St. Michael's; Magdalen at Feet of Christ, St. Nicholas; Sisters of Charity during the Plague, Convent of the Black Nuns, all in Ghent.—Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 141; Michiels, ix. 91.

CLEEF (Cleve), JOOST VAN, called de Zotte (crazy) Cleef, born in Antwerp; flourished 1530-1550. Flemish school. Painted in France and England. One of the best portrait painters of 16th century, approaching style of Hans Holbein, and foreshadowing Antonio Moro; great colourist. The preference which Henry VIII. gave to Titian's paintings destroyed Van Cleef's reason; he died insane. Some of his best pictures are: Portraits of himself and wife, Windsor Castle; portrait of himself, Earl Spencer, Althorp; two male portraits, Oxford; SS. Cosmo and Damian, Antwerp Cathedral; Last Judgment, Ghent Cathedral.—Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 135; Ch. Blanc, École flamande; Rooses (Reber), 70.

CLEEF, MARTEN VAN, born in Antwerp, died there about 1570. Flemish school; history painter, pupil of Frans Floris; entered Antwerp guild in 1551; is called the Master of the Ape, because he sometimes introduced that animal as his mark. His brother Hendrik (died in Antwerp, 1589) supplied the landscapes and backgrounds in his and in Frans Floris's pictures, while he often painted the figures in the landscapes of his brother, of Gilles van Conincxloo, and others. His four sons, Gilles, Marten, Georges, and Nicholas, were also painters. Works: Room in Peasant's Cottage with Company at Table, Vienna Museum.—Biog. nat. de Belgique, iv. 139.

CLEISTHENES, scene painter and architect, of Eretria, about 384 He was the father of Menedemus, the pupil of Plato.—Diog. Laer., ii. 125.

CLÉMENT, FÉLIX AUGUSTE, born at Donzère (Drôme), May 20, 1826. Genre painter; pupil of Drolling and Picot. Won the grand prix de Rome, 1856. Paints chiefly Oriental scenes. Medals: 3d class, 1861; medal, 1867. Works: Feast of Bairam in Cairo, Death of Cæsar, Destruction of Babylon, March of Recruits, Arab Woman weeping over her Husband's Tomb (1868); Before the Bath (1874); Sick Child (1879); Circassian Woman in the Harem (1880); Morning (1881); Nymphs Surprised, Behold the Great Turk (1883).

CLEOBIS AND BITON, Antoine François Callet, École des Beaux Arts, Paris. Sons of Cydippe, priestess of Hera at Argos. Once, during the festival of Hera, when the oxen which were to draw the chariot of the priestess did not arrive in time, Cleobis and Biton dragged it with their mother